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Recognition of Emotions in the Elderly through Facial Expressions: A Machine Learning-Based Approach
Published in Wellington Pinheiro dos Santos, Juliana Carneiro Gomes, Valter Augusto de Freitas Barbosa, Swarm Intelligence Trends and Applications, 2023
Arianne Sarmento Torcate, Maíra Araújo Santana, Juliana Carneiro Gomes, Ingrid Bruno Nunes, Flávio Secco Fonseca, Gisele M.M. Moreno, Wellington Pinheiro dos Santos
In the field of facial expressions, Grondhuis et al. (2021) presents possible answers about why the recognition of emotions in elderly people is more difficult than in young people. Initially, he suggests two hypotheses, relating this difficulty either to (i) excess wrinkles or (ii) atrophy of facial muscles, very common in this age group. For the comparative effect between these two variables (wrinkles/folds vs facial muscles), Generative Adversarial Networks were used in the image treatment. Young individuals have been aged, as well as older people have been artificially rejuvenated. With a database of 28 people, they found that emotions on younger faces when artificially wrinkled are 16% less likely to be identified. However, emotions on the faces of naturally elderly people were 50% less likely to be right. In contrast to this, older faces, artificially rejuvenated, had 74% less chance of getting right compared to young natural ones. The results then suggest that wrinkles and marks on the face of individuals have a much smaller impact than facial musculature on their ability to express emotions.
Auxetic fibrous materials and structures in medical engineering – a review
Published in The Journal of The Textile Institute, 2023
Craniofacial microsomia is a condition of the spectrum of deformities mainly affecting the development of the skull and face before birth. Conventionally it involves corrective surgery and removal of the deformed structure using autograft tissue, which further results in complications in the donor site. Alternatively, the development of a resorbable scaffold for skeletal muscle regeneration can help restore the symmetry and function of the facial muscles and reduce donor site morbidity. Deshpande et al. developed resorbable open weft-knitted scaffolds using poly(ε-caprolactone) multifilament yarns based on auxetic geometry possessing negative Poisson’s ratio (NPR). It was reported that these scaffolds exhibited their NPR elasticity through an increase in total volume as well as no lateral narrowing when stretched longitudinally shown in Figure 8, it was also reported that the developed scaffolds exhibited enhanced ultimate strength than to the native tissue, which provides mechanical support and reinforcement to the cell growth of skeletal muscle regeneration (Deshpande et al., 2020).
Facial muscle reanimation by transcutaneous electrical stimulation for peripheral facial nerve palsy
Published in Journal of Medical Engineering & Technology, 2019
Eeva Mäkelä, Hanna Venesvirta, Mirja Ilves, Jani Lylykangas, Ville Rantanen, Tuija Ylä-Kotola, Sinikka Suominen, Antti Vehkaoja, Jarmo Verho, Jukka Lekkala, Veikko Surakka, Markus Rautiainen
In the present study, our goal was to study the feasibility of electrical stimulation with surface electrodes for the reanimation of different facial muscles in subjects with a peripheral facial nerve palsy. The frontalis, zygomaticus major, orbicularis oris, and orbicularis oculi muscles were stimulated in an attempt to produce forehead wrinkle, smile, lip pucker, and eye blink, respectively.