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New Insights into Horizontal Gene Transfer among Bacterial Pathogens to Acquire Antibiotic Resistance and Culture-Independent Techniques to Study ARG Dissemination
Published in Vineet Kumar, Vinod Kumar Garg, Sunil Kumar, Jayanta Kumar Biswas, Omics for Environmental Engineering and Microbiology Systems, 2023
Transient colonization by resistant enterococci species to vancomycin beginning has been reported in the digestion tracts of people. Nonetheless, little is thought concerning whether the mobility of the vanA quality happens in the human digestive tract. Lester et al. included six isolates of vancomycin resistant Enterococcus faecium belonging to chicken gut, along with a vancomycin non-resistant E. faecium from of human gut. Transconjugants were recuperated in three of six strains. In one strain, not exclusively was vancomycin opposition moved, yet additionally quinupristin-dalfopristin obstruction. This review shows that the exchange of the vanA genes from an E. faecium strain beginning to an E. faecium residing in human gut can happen in the digestive organs of people (Jahan et al., 2015). It proposes that transient digestive colonization by enterococci conveying portable components with opposition qualities addresses a danger for the spread of obstruction qualities to other enterococci that are essential for the human native verdure, which can be liable for diseases in specific gatherings of patients (Lester et al., 2006).
New Insights into Feruloyl Esterase
Published in Jitendra Kumar Saini, Surender Singh, Lata Nain, Sustainable Microbial Technologies for Valorization of Agro-Industrial Wastes, 2023
Plate assay is an easy technique to screen a large number of microorganisms for different primary and secondary metabolites. Lai et al. (2012) incorporated 0.1% ethyl ferulate as a model substrate for feruloyl esterase enzyme into the de Man, Rogosa, and Sharpe (MRS) plate medium for the screening of a Lactobacillus strain. The appearance of the halo/clear zone around the inoculated colony is due to the hydrolysis of ethyl ferulate to show the presence of feruloyl esterase activity. Donaghy et al. (1998) also used de Man, Rogosa, and Sharpe (MRS) plate medium and screened 80 Bacillus strain and 50 gram bacterial strains such as Brevibacillus brevis, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus circulans, Bacillus firmus, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus mycoides, Bacillus sphaericus, and Bacillus subtilis. Furthermore, gram-positive bacteria, including Enterococcus faecium, E. divas, Enterococcus faecalis, L. farciminis, L. delbrueckii, Lactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus reuteri, Lactobacillus sakei, Lactococcus spp., and Leuconostoc spp., were screened on agar plate incorporated with ethyl ferulate. A clear zone around the colonies suggests the presence of feruloyl esterase activity.
Viral and Bacterial Infection Prevention Through Intentional Design
Published in AnnaMarie Bliss, Dak Kopec, Architectural Factors for Infection and Disease Control, 2023
Debra Harris, Denise N. Williams
Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) bacteria, such as Enterococcus faecium (E. faecium), are blood-borne gram-positive pathogens that are typically found as HAIs in the urinary tract, heart, brain, and wounds.21 There are well-documented cases of transmissions from contaminated environmental surfaces to previously uninfected patients; and transmission from the hands or gloves of health care workers to patients.3,5,22 In one of these cited studies, it was found that 46% of health care workers who touched contaminated surfaces in rooms of VRE-colonized patients left these patients’ spaces with VRE-contaminated gloves. VRE can survive for up to 2 months on countertops, 7 days on fabric chairs, and up to 3 months or more on cotton bedsheets and dry plastic surfaces.22 Additionally, while most VRE infections are typically HAIs, there are several cases of community-acquired infections that are not linked to health care exposures.23–24
Insights of ethyl acetate fraction from Vassobia breviflora in multidrug-resistant bacteria and cancer cells: from biological to therapeutic
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A, 2022
Altevir Rossato Viana, Nathieli Bianchin Bottari, Daniel Santos, Marissa Bolson Serafin, Bruna Garlet Rossato, Rafael Noal Moresco, Katianne Wolf, Aline Ourique, Rosmari Hörner, Érico Marlon de Moraes Flores, Maria Rosa Chitolina Schetinger, Bruno Stefanello Vizzotto, Luciana Maria Fontanari Krause
The evaluation of in vitro antibacterial activity was performed against 7 bacterial standard strains represented by Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 14028, Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 14990, Bacillus cereus ATCC 10876, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25904. In addition to these, 8 multidrug-resistant (MDR) clinical isolates (CI) were isolated from patients admitted to a university hospital and identified through phenotypic tests and automated by the Vitek® equipment (BioMérieux, MarcyI’Etoile, France). These strains being Acinetobacter baumannii (IC), Enterobacter aerogenes (IC), Enterobacter cloacae (IC), Proteus mirabilis (IC), Klebsiella pneumoniae (IC), Serratia marcescens (IC), Enterococcus faecium (IC), Escherichia coli (IC) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (IC). The strains were stored in TSB broth (Tryptic Soy Broth, Merk®) containing 15% glycerol at −20°C. The choice of bacterial strains for inclusion in the study is due to their clinical relevance. These were classified as MDR when bacterium showed resistance to one or more antimicrobials belonging to three or more tested categories as described by Mulani et al. (2019).
Antibiotic resistance in wastewater, does the context matter? Poland and Portugal as a case study
Published in Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 2022
Ivone Vaz-Moreira, Monika Harnisz, Joana Abreu-Silva, Damian Rolbiecki, Ewa Korzeniewska, Aneta Luczkiewicz, Célia M. Manaia, Grażyna Plaza
In 2019, 30 EU/EEA countries participated in the European Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Network (EARS-Net) with routine antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) data from invasive (blood or cerebrospinal fluid) isolates under surveillance: Escherichia coli (Fig. 4a), Klebsiella pneumoniae (Fig. 4b), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Fig. 4c), Acinetobacter species (Fig. 4d), Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus (Fig. 4e), Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium (Enterococcus species, Fig. 4f) (ESAC-Net, 2020). Portugal reported an estimated population coverage of 97% with high sample representativeness (ECDC, 2020). Poland is one of the few countries reporting medium geographical coverage or hospital data representativeness, with a comparatively low population coverage (17%) of EARS-Net contributing laboratories and hospitals. This is an important limitation to the comparison between countries, with unknown implications in the reliability of data analysis and interpretation. However, it is suggested that in general, higher percentage of resistance was observed in Poland than in Portugal and EU/EEA (population-weighted mean percentage) (Fig. 4).
Insight into the pilot‐scale fed-batch fermentation for production of Enterococcus faecium CW3801 using molasses-based medium
Published in Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology, 2022
Hock Wei Tang, Sahar Abbasiliasi, Zhang Jin Ng, Yee-Ying Lee, Teck-Kim Tang, Joo Shun Tan
Of late there has been increasing concern on the part of government agencies and food manufacturers on food safety. Coupled with continuous consumer demand for natural and safe food preferably with minimal processing led to the application of natural antimicrobial polypeptides in the inhibition of the growth of undesirable microorganisms.[1] Like other lactic acid bacteria (LAB), enterococci are known to secrete antimicrobial substances, making them potentially useful for the prevention of the growth of spoilage bacteria and foodborne pathogens including Listeria spp.[2]Enterococcus faecium is the predominant bacteriocin-producing species of Enterococcus in food products. For example, E. faecium M74 and E. faecium SF-68 are included as food supplements in probiotic preparations that have been proved to be effective and safe, such as FortiFlora® and Cernivet® (containing E. faecium SF68®, Cerbios-Pharma SA, Switzerland) for humans and animals.[3]