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Animal Biotechnology
Published in Firdos Alam Khan, Biotechnology Fundamentals, 2020
The union of an egg cell with sperm occurs outside the body in a culture vessel—this is known as in vitro fertilization. This involves collection of healthy ova and sperms from healthy females and males, respectively, and their fusion under appropriate conditions in vitro. The resulting zygotes may be cultured in vitro for a period of time to obtain young embryos, which ultimately are implanted in the uterus of healthy females to complete their development. The implementation of young embryos developed in vitro or obtained from the uterus of different donor females into the womb of selected females is called embryo transplantation. The techniques of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer are being applied to animals for a rapid multiplication of desirable genotypes of animals and in cases of infertility of certain types in humans.
Animal biotechnology
Published in Firdos Alam Khan, Biotechnology Fundamentals, 2018
The union of an egg cell with sperm occurs outside the body in a culture vessel—this is known as in vitro fertilization. This involves collection of healthy ova and sperms from healthy females and males, respectively, and their fusion under appropriate conditions in vitro. The resulting zygotes may be cultured in vitro for a period of time to obtain young embryos, which ultimately are implanted in the uterus of healthy females to complete their development. The implementation of young embryos developed in vitro or obtained from the uterus of different donor females into the womb of selected females is termed as embryo transplantation. The techniques of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer are being applied to animals for a rapid multiplication of desirable genotypes of animals and in cases of infertility of certain types in humans.
Glossary of scientific and technical terms in bioengineering and biological engineering
Published in Megh R. Goyal, Scientific and Technical Terms in Bioengineering and Biological Engineering, 2018
Oocyte refers to egg mother cell; it undergoes two meiotic divisions (oogenesis) to form the egg cell. The primary oocyte is before completion of the first meiotic division; the secondary oocyte is after completion of the first meiotic division.
The analogies between human development and additive manufacture: Expanding the definition of design
Published in Cogent Engineering, 2019
L. E. J. Thomas-Seale, J. C. Kirkman-Brown, S. Kanagalingam, M. M. Attallah, D. M. Espino, D. E. T. Shepherd
The development of the cells, tissues and organs of the foetus demonstrates both local spatial and temporal responsiveness, i.e. they respond to stimuli that vary by position and time. The point of fertilisation, where the discrete time frame outlined in Figure 1 commences, poses the first analogy. The remote attraction of a sperm towards an egg cell, is facilitated by rheotaxis and chemotaxis, the response to fluid velocity and chemical gradients (Zhang et al., 2016). The response to these stimuli varies in space. The egg also controls the time at which the chemical signal gradient, is released (Gilbert, 2003). The response to this stimulus varies in time. Moving forward through the time frame, in-utero foetal growth, repair and remodelling are also controlled both by the spatial variation of receptor cells and time-varying chemical, biological or mechanical stimuli.
Genome Modifying Reproductive Procedures and their Effects on Numerical Identity
Published in The New Bioethics, 2019
It is worth noting that if an egg or sperm cell is only slightly changed, from a biological perspective, it may persist as the same entity, though this biological modification on the sperm or egg cell would still affect the numerical identity of the resulting embryonic individual created from the coming together of these cells. This is because the beginning of the life trajectory of the individual resulting from the creation of the new embryo using the biologically modified egg or sperm cell would be (and remain) completely different from the one who would, otherwise, have existed had no modification on the gametes taken place.
Hydrodynamic behaviors of self-propelled sperms in confined spaces
Published in Engineering Applications of Computational Fluid Mechanics, 2022
Ao Li, Yu-Xiao Luo, Yuan Liu, Yuan-Qing Xu, Fang-Bao Tian, Yong Wang
On the journey to the egg cell, the sperm experiences a complex flow environment, including the uneven surfaces of reproductive cavities, narrow folds and channels, etc. For the wall accumulation phenomenon of sperm cells, their behaviors are closely related to the surface of the boundary in the flow field. To study the influence of the boundary and the shear flow on sperm swimming, we developed a model of sperm swimming in the Poiseuille flow between two parallel walls, as shown in Figure 1.