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The role of PET/CT in the assessment of pediatric oncologic disorders has dramatically increased over the past few years. 18F-FDG PET has been found to be effective in the assessment of pediatric lymphoma and brain tumors, among other malignancies. 18F-FET (18F-fluoroethyl-L-tyrosine) and 18F-FLT (18F-Fluorothymidine) have been useful to assess response to therapy in brain tumors. 68Ga-DOTATOC and 68Ga-DOTATATE is very useful in the assessment of neuroblastoma and other neuroendocrine tumors. On-going radiopharmaceutical research and development are rapidly advancing and newer and more specific agents in the pipeline will likely improve the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity in several oncologic disorders.
Tumours with a high expression of somatostatin receptors are potential targets for treatment with somatostatin analogue peptides (DOTATOC or DOTATATE) radiolabelled with emitters of beta minus particles (90Y or 177Lu). This treatment, which enables the generally partial destruction of these tumours, is not a first-order option, but constitutes an alternative for plurimetastasised or inoperable tumours, when all other conventional strategies are exhausted. (Forrer et al. 2007; Zaknun et al. 2013).