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Address Emotions before Facts
Published in Susan Zummo Forney, Anthony J. Sadar, Environmental Risk Communication, 2021
Susan Zummo Forney, Anthony J. Sadar
A number of research studies have provided biological evidence that explains our reactions to information with which we disagree. A study published in the Journal of Scientific Reports (Kaplan et al., 2016) explored the neural systems that govern resistance to changing beliefs. In the study, brain scans showed that participants with greater belief resistance had increased activity in the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (associated with selective attention) and reduced activity in the orbitofrontal prefrontal cortex (associated with higher order cognition like decision making). The study also found that participants who changed their mind more showed less bold signals in the insula and amygdala, areas associated with emotion and behavior.
Utilising physiological data for augmenting travel choice models: methodological frameworks and directions of future research
Published in Transport Reviews, 2023
Thomas O. Hancock, Charisma F. Choudhury
fMRI has predominantly been used to identify which parts of the brain contribute to the completion of different tasks (Rodriguez et al., 2015; Zysset et al., 2006). This includes many studies on decision-making processes, with the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex playing a key role in risky decision-making (Rao et al., 2011), the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and ventral striatum reflecting value, value comparison and confidence (De Martino et al., 2013; Gluth et al., 2015) and responses in the amygdala and orbitofrontal cortex correlating with ambiguity in choices (Hsu et al., 2005). Though fMRI has a lower temporal resolution than EEG, its outputs can be compared across different decisions. Rodriguez et al. (2015) demonstrated that larger differences in gambling options lead to less activation from fMRI outputs (implying an easier decision) and Gluth et al. (2015) demonstrated that stated food ratings correlated with fMRI outputs.
The Flow brain stimulation headset for the treatment of depression: overview of its safety, efficacy and portable design
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2020
Lucas Borrione, Paulo J C Suen, Lais B Razza, Leonardo Afonso Dos Santos, Pedro Sudbrack-Oliveira, André R Brunoni
To address this issue, we applied tDCS modeling for potential treatment of MDD, and compared the intensity of the electric field in key brain regions between three possible Flow device positions and other established tDCS protocols (such as the F3-F4 and F5-F6 EEG 10/10 montages). The analyzed brain regions were the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (DMPFC) and the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). The DLPFC is the principal target of clinical trials evaluating the effect of tDCS on MDD [43]. The ACC is a brain structure strongly implicated in the pathophysiology of MDD [72] and is targeted by brain stimulation interventions [13]. The DMPFC has been identified as a promising target for brain stimulation interventions in MDD [73], and together with the ACC, form the most consistent regions to show gray matter reduction in MDD patients [72]. Additionally, the DLPFC and DMPFC have been identified as potential targets of NIBS for depressive disorders by a meta-analysis and resting state fMRI study on depressed subjects [74]. This methodology has been previously applied in studies conducted by our group, one which investigated EF in the DLPFC, DMPFC and ACC in association with mood and affect outcomes [75], and the second which showed association of DLPFC size and depression improvement in tDCS treatment [76].
Survey and perspective on social emotions in robotics
Published in Advanced Robotics, 2022
Klapwijk et al. conducted an experiment wherein they read scenarios that evoked embarrassment and guilt (social emotions) and disgust and fear (basic emotions) to subjects and measured their brain activity using fMRI [57]. Psychophysiological interaction (PPI) analysis revealed that the right posterior superior temporal sulcus (PSTS) and the right temporoparietal junction (TPJ) showed greater functional connectivity with the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (DMPFC) during social emotions than with basic emotion. These brain regions were suggested to be involved in mentalizing and acquiring the viewpoints of others.