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Role of Knowledge Graphs in Analyzing Epidemics and Health Disasters
Published in Adarsh Garg, D. P. Goyal, Global Healthcare Disasters, 2023
Disease is a condition of a living being in which the body behaves abnormally either structurally or functionally. There are four broad categories of diseases—infectious diseases, deficiency diseases, hereditary diseases, and physiological diseases. Infectious diseases are characterized by their contagious nature which means that the disease-causing agent can transfer from a suffering body to another body through a medium and can contaminate that body. When a disease starts spreading at large level rapidly it turns into an epidemic and if the disease transmission stretches at global level then it is known as pandemic.
Machine Learning in Healthcare: Applications, Current Status, and Future Prospects
Published in Monika Mangla, Subhash K. Shinde, Vaishali Mehta, Nonita Sharma, Sachi Nandan Mohanty, Handbook of Research on Machine Learning, 2022
Diseases are diagnosed by healthcare professionals based on the history of a patient, clinical examination, and related laboratory, imaging, or other related investigations. Medical diagnostics comprises of different types of tests/investigations for the diagnosis of a certain disease. Correct and timely identification of a disease with effective treatment is important for better patient outcomes. Diagnostic errors can account for patient morbidity, hospital admissions, and mortality. ML has significant potential for assisting clinicians in the diagnostic process. Some of the uses of ML in disease prediction are given in subsections.
Virus-Based Nanoparticles as Drug Delivery Systems
Published in Severian Dumitriu, Valentin Popa, Polymeric Biomaterials, 2020
Due to the understanding of the structures and molecular basis of pathogenic viruses, their use as tools to create tissue-specific nanoparticles and targeted nanodevices with multifunctional capabilities makes an early diagnosis possible and provides targeted treatment of diseases. However, detailed studies of their in vivo behavior, including toxicity, as well as the knowledge about the immune responses they generate are important to evaluate the potential and the limitations of these promising biomedical nanotechnology applications.
Hybrid coyote predator with DL network for brain disorder detection using EEG signals
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering: Imaging & Visualization, 2023
Birajadar Ganesh Basawaraj, Channappa Bhyri
The accumulation of unusual cells in the brain leads to brain tumours. The skull covers and safeguards the brain which is very sensitive the abnormal growth of cells in the restricted area causes tumours (Murugesan and Sukanesh 2009). In general, the early detection of tumours accurately and on time can save the lives of many humans. Since the majority of brain tumour symptoms aren’t very apparent, the diagnosis and early treatment may be neglected in 69% of cases of brain tumours are delayed (Ernst and Hay 1994). According to the survey, this is seriously false (Selvam and Shenbagadevi 2011). There are various methods available for diagnosing the disease like MRI, CT, etc. The EEG signal is skilled at picking up small variations in brain activity. Docosahexaenoic acid is an omega-3 and polyunsaturated fatty acid that aids in neural development, and its absence results in variations in the brain cells (Hachem and Nacir 2022). Some diseases like Ischemic Stroke lesions that caused due to the deposition of fat that is generally identified with the help of MRI images (Sangole et al. 2020). Recently, the World Health Organization (WHO) has restricted the use of MRI and hence the detection of disease through medical image processing through ML is gradually increased. The objective of the research is to precisely identify the effects of the illnesses on brain function (Jack et al. 1997; McAlonan et al. 2005; Jafri et al. 2008; Lorenzetti et al. 2009; Ismayilova et al. 2015; Arbabshirani et al. 2017).
In vitro investigation of swelling triggered release of 5-fluorouracil from gelatin coated gold nanoparticles
Published in Inorganic and Nano-Metal Chemistry, 2022
Nishi Verma, Alka Tiwari, Neha Sonker, Jaya Bajpai, Anil Kumar Bajpai
One of the most leading causes of worldwide death is cancer and tumor related diseases.[12] The word cancer is derived from a Latin word meaning “crab”, and is a highly fatal disease caused due to the abnormal type of tissue growth in which the cells exhibit an uncontrolled division and continuous enhancement in the number of dividing cells.[13] Due to this reason, the common treatment methods of cancer include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation etc. The current challenges in cancer treatment therapies are lack of early disease detection, nonspecific systemic distribution, insufficient drug concentration reaching the tumor, and incapability to detect therapeutic responses.[14,15] Hence, there is an increasing demand for treating cancer by the use of an efficient therapy.[16,17] Chemotherapy is a widely used strategy for the treatment of cancer and recently various compounds have been used as anticancer drugs such as cisplatin, 5-flurouracil, tamoxifen, paclitaxel, doxorubicin etc.[18]
Statistical modelling for cancer mortality
Published in Letters in Biomathematics, 2019
Cancers may be prevented by not smoking, maintaining a healthy weight, not drinking too much alcohol, eating whole grains and fresh vegetables, fruits, vaccination against certain infectious diseases, not eating too much processed and red meat and avoiding too much sunlight exposure. Cancers can be treated with some combinations of radiation therapy, surgery, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, monoclonal antibody therapy, targeted therapy, etc. The choice of therapy is based on the location and grade of the tumour and the stage of the disease, as well as the medical state and age of the affected people. The aim of the treatment is to complete removal of the cancer cells without damaging the rest of the body. But it is unfortunate that most of the cancer treatments have a negative effect on normal body cells.