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Detection of Food, Agricultural and Aquatic Contaminants
Published in Richard O’Kennedy, Caroline Murphy, Immunoassays, 2017
Marie Le Berre, Caroline Viguier, Caroline Murphy, Niamh Gilmartinb
Marine toxins, such as phycotoxins, are naturally occurring contaminants made up of a variety of toxins from different groups of phytoplanktons. Poisoning that results from the ingestion of shellfish contaminated with toxin is classified according to the associated symptoms: neurotoxic shellfish poisoning (NSP), paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP), amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP), diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP), and azaspiracid poisoning (AZP). Phycotoxins are also classified according to their chemical properties, for example lipophilic toxins (e.g. okadaic acid (OA), dinophysis toxins, yessotoxins (YTZ), azaspiracid (AZA), pectenotoxins [58] and ciguatera fish poisoning (CFP)) and hydrophilic toxins (e.g. palytoxin, domoic acid (DA) and saxitoxin (STX)) (Table 8.4).
Toxicity and differential oxidative stress effects on zebrafish larvae following exposure to toxins from the okadaic acid group
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A, 2020
Diego Figueroa, Ailen Signore, Oscar Araneda, Héctor R. Contreras, Miguel Concha, Carlos García
The presence of these analogues is noted in seawater invertebrates (bivalves), which accumulate OA-group toxins in their tissues (digestive glands) during development of harmful algal blooms (HABs) associated with production of this group of toxins (Blanco et al. 2019; Hu et al. 2017). Thus, consumption of these bivalves by individuals contaminated with OA-group toxins results in diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP) syndrome characterized by abdominal cramps, nausea, emesis, and diarrhea (Alarcan et al. 2018; Fu et al. 2019).