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Combined Cancer Therapy by Micellar-Encapsulated Drugs and Ultrasound
Published in Mansoor M. Amiji, Nanotechnology for Cancer Therapy, 2006
Chemotherapy is often complicated by toxic side effects of anti-cancer drugs. Also, effective chemotherapy regimens are frequently hindered by the resistance of tumor cells to one or more drugs [cross-resistance or multidrug resistance (MDR)]. The MDR is either inherent or acquired in the process of chemotherapy. Developing new tumor-localized chemotherapeutic modalities for treatment of drug-sensitive and MDR tumors is a major goal of current research in academia and industry. Towards this end, nanoparticle-based drug delivery combined with a localized drug release from carrier in the tumor volume is a promising approach to targeted chemotherapy. This chapter reviews the state of the art in drug targeting to tumors using polymeric micelles as drug carriers and tumor-localized ultrasound as a means to trigger drug release from micelles in the tumor volume. Ultrasound enhances the intracellular drug uptake and sensitizes MDR tumors to the action of conventional drugs.
New Insights into Horizontal Gene Transfer among Bacterial Pathogens to Acquire Antibiotic Resistance and Culture-Independent Techniques to Study ARG Dissemination
Published in Vineet Kumar, Vinod Kumar Garg, Sunil Kumar, Jayanta Kumar Biswas, Omics for Environmental Engineering and Microbiology Systems, 2023
Another possible mechanism involved in the co-selection of antibiotic resistance is cross-resistance, which takes place when different antibiotic classes attack a similar target, initiating a common cell death pathway. For example, an MDR pump in Listeria monocytogenes exports metals along with antibiotics. Recently, it has been found that a membrane-oriented DsbA–DsbB system in Burkholderia cepacia showed that the system is associated with the formation of a multidrug resistance system along with a metal efflux pump. Experiments with mutants lacking a DsbA–DsbB system were found to show lower resistance to several metals, and antibiotics, including zinc, cadmium, β-lactams, erythromycin, ofloxacin, novobiocin, sodium dodecyl sulphate, and kanamycin.
Studies on a new antimicrobial peptide from Vibrio proteolyticus MT110
Published in Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology, 2023
Himanshu Verma, Kanti N. Mihooliya, Jitender Nandal, Debendra K. Sahoo
The widespread use of broad-spectrum medicines in recent years has resulted in the global spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Due to their low antimicrobial resistance generated by increased hydropathicity and absence of cross-resistance between species, antimicrobial peptides have already shown potential as a more effective alternative to these traditional antibiotics.[28,29] Another application of these antimicrobial peptides could be their use as bio-preservatives in foods and beverages, as chemical preservatives such as nitrates and sulfites are known to have harmful effects on human health.[30] However, antimicrobial peptides for the above-said applications should have requisite physicochemical properties. Indian marine environment harbors rich biodiversity, and in our continuous search for new antimicrobial peptides, the marine samples collected from the Indian coast were screened.