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First identified as a pathogen in cowpeas in West Africa over 50 years ago, cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV) has become synonymous with virus-based nanoengineering. It has been the subject of intense scientific research because the virions are remarkably stable and are easy to propagate and obtain in high yields. Early work with bioengineering CPMV dealt with the display of foreign peptides on the capsid surface for the purpose of epitope presentation and vaccine development. Although this work was groundbreaking in the field of biotechnology, it is beyond the scope of this text, and we refer the reader to a review by Sainsbury for a more in-depth treatment of the topic (Sainsbury et al. 2010).
Microbes induced biofabrication of nanoparticles: a review
Another virus, cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV), due to its size, monodispersity, and variety of chemical groups available for modification makes a good scaffold for molecular assembly into nanoscale devices.[161] These studies prove the potential of virus for the fabrication of different nanostructures like nanowires and nanotubes (Table 3).