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Plant Pathogens (Viruses): Biological Control
Published in Brian D. Fath, Sven E. Jørgensen, Megan Cole, Managing Biological and Ecological Systems, 2020
Plants may be protected from development of severe disease symptoms by first introducing a mild strain of virus into a healthy plant. A plant systemically infected with a mild strain of virus is protected from infection by a severe strain of the same virus. This phenomenon in called “cross protection” and has been observed for many plant viruses.[2] It is also observed to occur between viroids or plant virus satellites. In practice, cross protection is of great interest since it has been utilized to protect plants against severe virus strains (Citrus tristeza virus, Papaya ringspot virus, Zucchini yellow mosaic virus, Tomato mosaic virus, etc.), in the field.
Fabrication of Nanomaterials
Published in C. Anandharamakrishnan, S. Parthasarathi, Food Nanotechnology, 2019
R. Preethi, Leena Maria, J.A. Moses, C. Anandharamakrishnan
Various studies in nanoscale development have been carried out with yeast. The nano-sized particles are generated by reduction of precursors through chelating with extracellular peptides and polysaccharides. Spherical antimony trioxide (Sb2O3) particles are synthesized from baker’s yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) used in the manufacturing of pet jars with antimicrobial properties. (Lei et al., 2016; Khandel et al., 2016). Fabrication has been extended using a virus, a biological substance such as protein, biolipid cylinders, viral capsules, and viral scaffolds to induce the nucleation and assembly of inorganic materials. cowpea mosaic virus, tobacco mosaic virus, papaya mosaic virus, potato virus X, tomato mosaic virus, turnip mosaic virus, and flock house virus produced promising and efficient nanoparticles which have significant effectors in targeted therapeutics. No research has yet been done in the field of food processing or perseveration (Narayanan et al., 2017; Destito et al., 2018). Table 6.5 lists the microorganisms reported in the fabrication of metal nanoparticles.
Soybean mosaic disease (SMD): a review
Published in Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2021
Fazal Ur Rehman, Maria Kalsoom, Muhammad Adnan, Nageen Naz, Tuffail Ahmad Nasir, Husnain Ali, Talha Shafique, Ghulam Murtaza, Samra Anwar, Muhammad Awais Arshad
Soybean Mosaic Virus is a successful Potyvirus with a wide distribution range but having a restricted natural host range. It is a filamentous particle with 7500 Å length and 120 Å in diameter with single‐stranded, positive‐sense, polyadenylated RNA. Due to its restricted host range, it mostly causes diseases in the species of genus Glycine including Glycine max (cultivated soybean) and Glycine soja (wild soybean). The transmission of soybean mosaic virus is mostly done by mechanical transmission, aphid, or through seed. It can be controlled only by using the pathogen freed seeds, avoiding mechanical injuries, and by using the species having one or more R genes.