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Biosensors for the Detection of Emerging Plants and Animals Fungal Pathogens
Published in George K. Knopf, Amarjeet S. Bassi, Smart Biosensor Technology, 2018
Roland Miller, Idris Yazgan, Omowunmi A. Sadik
The Mycosphaerella genus contains the largest number of plant pathogens (17). This genus contains more than 3000 species, not including any anamorphs. In recent years, Mycosphaerella has been linked to around 30 anamorph genera. This genus was also long thought to be monophyletic. Crous et al. showed that the genus Mycosphaerella is not monophyletic and is polyphyletic (20). Mycosphaerella graminicola (anamorph Septoria tritici) is in the Dothideales order. This causes Septoria tritici blotch (STB) disease in wheat. This affects wheat production in temperate growth regions. The colonization for this disease is more than 7 days and forms necrotic lesions on the leaves, which then sporulate asexually. This fungus has been reported to have 90% genetic variation in a single wheat field that is infected. My. graminicola has been shown to rapidly evolve in response to fungicides and resistant wheat species (17).
Are aquatic and semiaquatic true bugs (Hemiptera: Nepomorpha; Gerromorpha) distinct aquatic communities? A case study in homogeneous habitats
Published in Inland Waters, 2019
Horea Olosutean, Sonia Bungiac, Mirabela Perju
Nepomorpha and Gerromorpha are considered polyphyletic, although they share a common connection to aquatic environments, and their position inside the Heteroptera was until recently under debate. Wang et al. (2016) concluded that the 2 infraorders were the first to split from the Neoheteroptera lineage ca. 240 million years ago, confirming the existing theories regarding a consistent separate evolution of Nepomorpha and Gerromorpha inside aquatic habitats (Schuh 1979, Zrzavý 1992, Wheeler et al. 1993, Xie et al. 2009, Li et al. 2012, Weirauch and Stys 2014) and establishing that gerromorphan ancestors were the first to form a separate lineage inside Neoheteroptera, closely followed by Nepomorpha.