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Designing for Foot and Ankle Anatomy
Published in Karen L. LaBat, Karen S. Ryan, Human Body, 2019
Calluses and corns usually arise from footwear friction or increased loading over a length of time. Calluses, generalized areas of thickened skin, tend to develop on the sole and plantar aspects of the toes (Young et al., 2005), although a pinch callus may be found on the medial side of the hallux (Tiberio, 1988). Corns are isolated localized areas of thickened skin and may be either hard or soft. Hard corns tend to form on dorsal toe surfaces, while soft corns are frequently located between toes. Preventing footwear friction is the best way to avoid skin injuries. Strategies include controlling foot moisture, choosing non-irritating footwear materials, careful construction of the footwear interior to avoid friction spots, size selection to match foot size, and designs to accommodate natural foot shape.
Occupational ergonomic assessment of hand pain symptoms among Bagh hand block print artisans of the handicraft textile industry in Madhya Pradesh, India
Published in International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 2022
Rajat Kamble, Avinash Sahu, Sangeeta Pandit
The study investigated the prevalence of hand pain symptomseverity among the artisans in correlation with different demographic and work-related factors. It was found that every artisan reported at least one hand pain symptom in the palm’s abductor digiti minimi region, resulting from repeated hitting on the wooden hand block. This finding is consistent with previous studies involving WRMSDs and repetitive manual work [3,5,6,9,22–24], where the majority of the workers reported high rates of MSDs and pain, and reported that the combination of force and repetitive movement places workers at risk for musculoskeletal problems in the hand/wrist area. Of all the symptoms, a majority of artisans reported pain during the working hours (S1), numbness (S3), weakness (S4) and tingling (S5) in the abductor digiti minimi region of the palm. From the FFS it was found that the artisans faced more difficulty working with larger blocks than the other blocks. The reason could be due to repeated hitting by the ulnar side of the palm with more force with the presence of hand problems as seen from the SSS and CEMT. Artisans also reported difficulty maintaining good productivity, being regular at work and doing necessary work that involved wrist motion and force. The present study found that the artisans had developed callosity, lichenification and skin hardening due to repeated mechanical trauma on the palm’s abductor digiti minimi region. This is similar to the previous studies of CEMT to the skin that reported various skin changes, i.e., calluses, corns and other hyperkeratosis, and pigment changes, caused by chronic skin exposure to small repeated mechanical insults [25].
Fungal burden exposure assessment in podiatry clinics from Ireland
Published in International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 2018
Carla Viegas, Ann Marie Coggins, Tiago Faria, Liliana Aranha Caetano, Anita Quintal Gomes, Raquel Sabino, Cristina Verissimo, Nigel Roberts, David Watterson, Claire MacGilchrist, Gerard T.A. Fleming
Podiatry is a health care profession that specializes in the management of disease and disorders of the lower limb. Podiatric treatments such as the reduction of thickened toenails, onychomycotic nails, foot calluses or corns potentially generate substantial concentrations of organic dusts, which could pose an occupational hazard to those exposed including the development or exacerbation of fungal-induced respiratory conditions, and fungi associated with skin and nail infections. It is estimated that up to 3 g of toenail dust may be generated per day in a podiatry practice (Davies and Ganderton 1975).