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Human physiology, hazards and health risks
Published in Stephen Battersby, Clay's Handbook of Environmental Health, 2023
Revati Phalkey, Naima Bradley, Alec Dobney, Virginia Murray, John O’Hagan, Mutahir Ahmad, Darren Addison, Tracy Gooding, Timothy W Gant, Emma L Marczylo, Caryn L Cox
With decreased production of parathyroid hormone (hypoparathyroidism), the blood calcium level falls, which causes increased excitability of the nerves and of the neuromuscular junctions leading to a condition called tetany (this has to be distinguished from the disease tetanus which follows infection with a bacillus Clostridium tetani). In tetany, there is spasm of the hands and feet (carpo-pedal spasms). Increased excitability of the nerve cells in the brain may lead to convulsions.
Product: Alfa-Tox
Published in Charles R. Foden, Jack L. Weddell, First Responder’s Guide to Agricultural Chemical Accidents, 2018
Charles R. Foden, Jack L. Weddell
NOTES TO PHYSICIAN Atratol 8P is an s-triazine herbicide. There is no specific antidote if ingested. If a large amount has been ingested and emesis has been inadequate, lavage stomach. Hemodialysis may be required for removal of the sodium chlorate. Barbiturates or diazepam may be used to control convulsions.
Emergency First Aid Treatment of Poisoning
Published in Charles R. Foden, Jack L. Weddell, Household Chemicals and Emergency First Aid, 2017
Charles R. Foden, Jack L. Weddell
This is an acute medical emergency. Anesthesia may be required to control the convulsions. Medications must be given to carry the victim through and to support him until the effects of the drug wear off. This will be a matter of several hours in those cases that survive.
Drinking water quality and human health risk evaluations in rural and urban areas of Ibeju-Lekki and Epe local government areas, Lagos, Nigeria
Published in Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 2020
Temitope O. Sogbanmu, Sherifat O. Aitsegame, Olubunmi A. Otubanjo, John O. Odiyo
The mean values of Cd, Pb and As in the study areas exceeded the maximum permissible limits by NSDWQ (2007) and WHO (2011). Heavy metals enter the environment via natural and anthropogenic means such as industrial discharges, mining, erosion, sewage discharge water, effluents, but the main route of exposure for most people is through food and water. The route of entry of these heavy metals in the drinking water samples in this study particularly in the rural areas may be due to the direct disposal of wastewaters into the streets which could percolate into the groundwater such as wells. In the urban areas, the proximity of wastewater drainage channels to boreholes and surface run-off may be routes of entry of the heavy metals into the boreholes. Household plumbing fixtures containing Pb may contribute to Pb in drinking water especially in the presence of corrosive water (Levallois et al.2018; Pieper et al.2018). Consistent exposure to heavy metals at low levels can cause adverse effects (Mudgal et al.2010). Exposure to high doses of Pb could lead to kidney and brain damage and miscarriage in pregnant women; convulsion, organ and neurological damage in children; and reproductive dysfunctions in men (Khan et al. 2013).
Epilepsy detection from EEG signals: a review
Published in Journal of Medical Engineering & Technology, 2018
A seizure can be realised as an infinitesimal muscle jerk to severe, which is a generalised and prolonged convulsion. Seizures which occur recurrently and suddenly are hazardous and lead to serious states. In clinical communication, if two or more motiveless seizures occur, it is to suspect that the cause might be epilepsy. If the seizure is owing to epilepsy, then the detection of epilepsy at its onset is very useful for initial treatment with anti-epileptics for improving the quality of life and care of epileptic persons. The epileptic seizures generally begin and end unexpectedly without any external intrusion. If Seizures are unpredicted; it generally causes physical risks due to accidents, such as falling down and head injuries. The most common effective diagnostic method for epilepsy detection is based on the analysis of EEG signals. EEG analyses not only distinguish epileptic data from normal data, and also differentiate epileptic seizure or ictal from pre-ictal or inter-ictal data. The skilled neurophysiologists visually examine the EEG signals and detect epilepsy. However, epilepsy can be detected from a long recording of EEG data, which is difficult and also human expert centred. Therefore, in this paper, an attempt has been made to review the detection of an epileptic seizure. More than 100 research papers have been discussed to discern the techniques for detecting the epileptic seizure.
Evaluation of helmet and goggle designs by modeling non-penetrating projectile impacts
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2019
Rinat Friedman, Ayelet Haimy, Yoram Epstein, Amit Gefen
Head, face and neck injuries have increased during the last decade wars in Iraq and Afghanistan by nearly 20% in comparison to previous 20th century wars (Owens et al. 2008; Okie 2005). Due to an improvement in the head protection gear, battlefield medical response, and shortening evacuation time a decrease in mortality rates following a TBI had been reported (Meyer et al. 2010; Warden 2006). Nevertheless, survivors of TBI suffer from significant short and long-term health conditions, such as severe meningitis, systemic infection, venous thrombosis, convulsion seizures, permanent disability, and inability to reintegrate back into society or return to work, and have a higher than average suicidal tendencies (Humphreys et al. 2013; Wood and Yurdakul 1997).