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Fundamental Epidemiology
Published in Frank R. Spellman, Fundamentals of Wastewater-Based Epidemiology, 2021
Carrier. A person or animal without apparent disease that harbors a specific infectious agent and is capable of transmitting the agent to others. The carrier state may occur in an individual with an infection that is not apparent throughout its course (known as asymptomatic carrier), or during the incubation period, convalescence, and post convalescence of an individual with a clinically recognizable disease. The carrier state may be of short or long duration (transient carrier or chronic carrier).
Activities for Supporting Work Ability of Ageing Workers
Published in Joanna Bugajska, Teresa Makowiec-Dąbrowska, Tomasz Kostka, Individual and Occupational Determinants, 2020
RTW is one of the major problems in patients after acute coronary events. People with CHD often require prolonged absences from work to convalescence after acute disease events, such as myocardial infarctions or after revascularization procedures. A reduced functional capacity and anxiety due to CHD may further delay or prevent RTW (Hegewald et al. 2019).
Hamstring activation deficits in different jumping directions in athletes with a history of hamstring strain injuries: a cross-sectional laboratory study
Published in Sports Biomechanics, 2023
Amornthep Jankaew, Yih-Kuen Jan, Ing-Shiou Hwang, Li-Chieh Kuo, Cheng-Feng Lin
Hamstring strain is the most common lower limb strain among all athletic levels (Opar et al., 2014). The hamstring injuries are particularly common in running and kicking-based sports, and the prevalence of such injuries during competition (5.24 per 10,000 athlete exposures) is higher than that during training (2.56 per 10,000 athlete exposures) (Dalton et al., 2015). Based on evidence provided by sports clubs, such injuries have a higher re-occurrence rate (12 ~ 48%) than other lower limb muscle strains (Liu et al., 2012). The re-occurrence of hamstring injuries is typically associated with a longer convalescence time than that of the first-time injury (Orchard & Best, 2002). Furthermore, even though athletes exposed to hamstring muscle strains may meet the medical criteria required to return to sports playing, persistent symptoms often remain since the regeneration process is still ongoing and the nervous system may not yet be fully recovered (Buhmann et al., 2020).
Influenza virus RNA recovered from droplets and droplet nuclei emitted by adults in an acute care setting
Published in Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, 2019
Lily Yip, Mairead Finn, Andrea Granados, Karren Prost, Allison McGeer, Jonathan B. Gubbay, James Scott, Samira Mubareka
Several studies involving human subjects have revealed that most of influenza virus RNA was detected in smaller (<5 µm) aerosolized particles[26,27] and that these aerosols were present in the healthcare setting.[13] Infected subjects generated more particles per cough during infection compared to convalescence, and a substantial proportion of these particles were respirable (<5 µm).[28] In another study, 92% vs. 43% of naturally-infected volunteers with laboratory-confirmed influenza shed virus in fine (<5 µm) vs. coarse (>5 µm) exhaled particles.[29] In a study of infected volunteers, 53% and 42% emitted aerosols containing viable influenza virus during coughing and quiet breathing respectively,[30] and viable virus was isolated from the smallest particle fraction (0.3–8 µm).[31]
From the laboratory concept to clinical trials: the journey of Otoimplant so far
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2019
Otoimplant, thanks to silver nanoparticles, offers long-term bactericidal effectiveness that directly influences patients’ convalescence after surgery and definitely limits inflammations.Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) application in the middle ear prostheses is also attractive due to commonly known antibiotic resistance of different bacteria species.Alloplastic prostheses such as our medical device play an important role in the ENT due to their biocompatibility.Implantation of our medical device might become an alternative to other products due to its physical and chemical properties and also its price, which might be significantly lower comparing to current market offerings.Middle-ear implantation with our prosthesis is a safe and effective treatment, although long-term data is desirable.