China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Musculoskeletal system
Published in A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha, Clark’s Procedures in Diagnostic Imaging: A System-Based Approach, 2020
A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha
Condyloid joint, which comprises two rounded condyles that may be together or separate, fitting into concave depressions, e.g. the knee and the temporomandibular joint, and permits flexion and extension with limited rotation.
Preparation of hybrid meniscal constructs using hydrogels and acellular matrices
Published in Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2023
Gizem Zihna, Bengisu Topuz, Gülçin Günal, Halil Murat Aydin
The knee joint includes three major constructs that play a role in knee biomechanics' functionality. These soft tissue-based constructs are articular cartilage, meniscus, and ligaments. Meniscus tissue, which is placed between the concave femoral condyle and relatively smooth tibia plateau, extends with the horns to the subchondral bone of the tibia and is called medial and lateral, respectively, in both the inner and outer regions of the knee[1, 2]. Axial tibiofemoral forces compress the meniscus during daily activities or in various sports branches. These vertical forces are transformed into horizontal peripheral stresses by connecting to the horns and ligaments and transmitted to the knee joint. At the same time, forces are prevented from coming to a single region on the cartilage by increasing the surface contact area, and thus cartilage degeneration is prevented [3].
Racial differences in running and landing measures associated with injury risk vary by sex
Published in Sports Biomechanics, 2022
Cherice N. Hill, Daniel Schmitt, Wornie Reed, Shawn M. Arent, Laura P. Sands, Robin M. Queen
Participants wore form fitting shorts, a shirt, and Nike Zoom neutral cushioning running shoes, all of which were provided by the lab to control for the effects of clothing and footwear on movement mechanics (Menant et al., 2009; Nurse et al., 2005). During the testing session, height, weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, tibia length, femur length, and Q-angle were measured as previously described (Hill, Reed, Schmitt, Arent, Sands, Queen et al., 2021). The waist was defined as the narrowest point between the ribs and the iliac crest, and the hips were defined at the maximal buttocks (Geneva, 2018). Tibia length was measured between the medial condyle of the tibia and the medial malleolus, and femur length was measured between the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) and the medial condyle of the femur (Duyar & Pelin, 2003; Messier et al., 1992). Crural index (CI) was computed as the ratio of tibia length to femur length. Q-angle was measured using a goniometer with the participant in a supine position on a testing table with their feet shoulder width apart (Machado Sanchez et al., 2014). CI and Q-angle measurements are reported on the dominant limb only, which was defined as the limb used to kick a soccer ball.
A review on computer-aided design and manufacturing of patient-specific maxillofacial implants
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2020
Afaque Rafique Memon, Enpeng Wang, Junlei Hu, Jan Egger, Xiaojun Chen
The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) connecting the mandibular condyle and glenoid fossa is the synovial articulation of the temporal bone. Prosthetic total joint replacement is a medical procedure, which is a last stage surgery for severe degenerative ailment of the temporomandibular joint, including ankyloses, osteoarthritis, serious condylar resorption, cancer and trauma, and is utilized when conservative therapies are ineffective [1]. The main reason for total joint replacement operation of the TMJ is to decrease the soreness and increase jaw function, maximize intra-incisal opening and improve the quality of life for the patient [2]. A significant number of intra-articular temporomandibular pathologies, for example end-stage TMJ osteoarthritis, TMJ ankyloses, severe idiopathic condylar resorption, comminuted condylar fracture and some TMJ tumors, require removing the joint, and hence also require a joint recreation to reestablish the anatomic structure and capacity [3,4].