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Augmented Reality in Supply Chain Management
Published in Turan Paksoy, Çiğdem Koçhan, Sadia Samar Ali, Logistics 4.0, 2020
Sercan Demir, Ibrahim Yilmaz, Turan Paksoy
AR-related research made a breakthrough in the areas of communication and medical applications in the middle of the 1990s, focusing on key enabling technologies such as tracking, display, and interaction. Enhancing collaboration of people sharing the same place, computer-assisted surgery, visualization of surgical operations and X-Ray were some of the key research areas during the 1990s. HMDs were developed at this decade and they were the first examples of vision-based tracking systems on wearable computers (Billinghurst et al. 2015). The Global Position System, officially named “NAVSTAR-GPS” started it is operations in 1993. Oven though this satellite-based radio-navigation system was intended for military use, today millions of people use it for navigation, geocaching, and AR (Arth et al. 2015).
Present and New Challenges
Published in Yongyuth Yuthavong, Sparks from the Spirit, 2018
Advanced medical science that combines knowledge in bioscience with information technology (IT), nanotechnology, and cognitive science is transforming many areas, including drug development, surgical techniques, and general hospital care. This includes genomic medicine, which deals with diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of individuals through genomic analysis and the use of new tools such as gene editing (Box 7.2). Gene editing will also allow modification of genetic characters of cells and tissues so that transplantation of organs from other species to humans will be possible, obviating the need to transplant human organs. Together with the rapidly increasing ability to collect and analyze big data, genomic medicine not only leads to personalized medical care but also will soon provide new tools to improve public health from genetic knowledge of the population. A relatively new field called stratified medicine allows appropriate and effective treatment of groups classified through biomarkers. In a related development, electronic data capture allows collection of clinical and related data of individuals and groups for accurate information on treatments and other interventions, similar to checking of the financial information in business transactions. IT is also adding a new dimension to health care through telemedicine, which allows remote examination and treatment of patients. This has immense implications for people in remote communities, who cannot access health services readily. A related example of transdisciplinary development is that of robotic or computer-assisted surgery, in which a remote manipulator allows the surgeon to perform surgical procedures. Although still expensive by comparison with conventional surgery, it has potential advantages in accuracy and in reducing incision sizes, and it can be expected to gain more widespread use in the future when the cost comes down and the accuracy of the operation goes up. At the level of the lay public, cell phones and the Internet can help give information to the public on keeping healthy and being alert to health threats like emerging diseases. Sciences of robotics and intelligent manufacturing, including 3D printing, are helping disabled and elderly people through the making of artificial limbs and other devices such as aids for hearing and seeing and other organ replacements. Medical devices in general are made through collaboration between the medical and engineering professions. Hospitals and convalescing homes for the sick and the elderly have also been greatly improved through the help of new medical devices and associated technologies.
Computer-assisted surgery in medical and dental applications
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2021
Yen-Wei Chen, Brian W. Hanak, Tzu-Chian Yang, Taylor A. Wilson, Jenovie M. Hsia, Hollie E. Walsh, Huai-Che Shih, Kanako J. Nagatomo
The focus of this review is on systems that allow for precise pre-surgical planning and intra-operative guidance based on three-dimensional renderings generated from high-resolution imaging studies, though we must not overlook the fact that the broad topic of computer-assisted surgery encompasses many other surgical technologies as well. So, although we will discuss surgical robots that provide precise surgical guidance based on preoperative or intraoperative radiologic imaging studies like the ROSA® Brain (Zimmer Biomet) and Mazor XTM (Medtronic) surgical robots, we will not discuss non-image guided surgical robots such as the da Vinci system (Intuitive Surgical), though these systems also certainly rely heavily on modern computer processing technology.
Patient-specific instrumentation makes sense in total knee arthroplasty
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2022
Vicente J. León-Muñoz, Mirian López-López, Fernando Santonja-Medina
We should mention other studies of interest: (1) Bouché et al. [22], who, employing a network meta-analysis, simultaneously compared PSI, navigation, standard cutting guides, accelerometer-based navigation, and robotic guidance. The proportion of HKA outliers was lower with navigation than with PSI and standard cutting guides; however, this corresponded to a difference of only 12% of patients for navigation vs. 21% of patients for PSI and 12% of patients for navigation vs. 25% for standard cutting guides. The authors found no differences for other comparisons (outcome scores and femoral and tibial implant malalignment, taken separately) between different cutting guides, including robotics and the accelerometer. (2) Tandogan et al. [25] determine in a systematic review and meta-analysis whether PSI, computer-assisted surgery (CAS), or robot-assisted surgery enable more accurate rotational alignment of the tibial baseplate in primary TKA compared to CI in terms of deviation from the planned target and the proportion of outliers from the target zone. The authors concluded that both CAS and PSI could improve the accuracy of rotational alignment of the tibial baseplate by decreasing angular deviation from the preoperatively planned target and reducing the proportion of outliers from the target zone. (3) Ke et al. [46], in a prospective comparative trial, aimed to figure out the relationship between the notch and the distal femoral sagittal anteversion in PSI-assisted TKA and concluded that the angle between the distal femoral anatomic axis and femoral mechanical axis could be taken as an indicator to predict the notch when performing TKA assisted with PSI. Especially when the angle mentioned above is equal to or greater than three degrees, the notch risk could be markedly increased. (4) Wunderlich et al. [47] showed that TKA using patient-specific cutting guides and implants compared to a matched cohort of the off-the-shelf knee replacement system TKA implanted with CI resulted in the equally satisfying restoration of the coronal leg alignment with less scattering in the customized individually made implants group.