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Commentary Broome's "Concrete Sumo"
Published in Michael Davis, Engineering Ethics, 2017
The sorts of general considerations covered in engineering codes of ethics serve as a framework within which engineers can be expected to work (e.g., protecting public safety, health, and welfare; avoiding or at least disclosing conflicts of interest; staying within one's range of competence). We need to select our "heroic mentors" carefully. In engineering what is needed is well-prepared engineers (both technically and ethically)—and "heroic mentors" who are rightly admired both for their character and their results.
Molecular toxicology and carcinogenesis of fumonisins: a review
Published in Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part C, 2020
Ruth Nabwire Wangia-Dixon, Kizito Nishimwe
Epigenetics refer to heritable and reversible changes to a gene without alteration in the DNA sequence, yet these changes affect a gene’s competence or efficiency of expression.106,107 Epigenetic alterations advance the development of diseases such as cancers, neurological disorders, diabetes, asthma and cardiovascular conditions.107 Aberrant epigenetic modifications predispose DNA to become more susceptible to environmental factors. This may lead to activation of gene expression such as the oncogenes and or silencing expression of the tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) in particular.106,107 Epigenetic alterations may be modulated by fumonisins exposure. Specifically, this could occur at three levels namely histone modification, DNA methylation and regulation of non-coding RNA. Dose- and time-dependent effects of fumonisin B1 on global histone modifications are evident in NR-52E rat kidney epithelial cells.53,108 In a different study, significant accumulation of sphinganine-1-phosphate78 in nuclear cells decrease histone deacetylase, the enzyme that removes acetyl groups from an amino acid on a histone action.53 These studies show fumonisins capability in altering epigenetic events through global histone modifications.
Enhanced decolorization of sulfonated azo dye methyl orange by single and mixed bacterial strains AK1, AK2 and VKY1
Published in Bioremediation Journal, 2018
Ramesh S. Masarbo, Mukram Ismailsab, T. R. Monisha, Anand S. Nayak, T. B. Karegoudar
The experiment was performed to investigate the effect of methyl orange dye concentration (200, 400, 600, 800, 1000 mg/L) on the decolorizing potential of all the three bacteria. From the results it was evident that the strains could effectively decolorize the dye at varying initial dye concentrations. Bacillus sp. AK1 decolorized over 90% of the dye up to concentrations of 600 mg/L, beyond which the decolorizing ability was gradually decreased (Figure 2). Strains AK2 and VKY1 could decolorize at still higher dye concentrations of 800 mg/L by more than 90 and 80%, respectively. At 1000 mg/L dye concentration, the decolorizing ability of these strains was reduced (Figures 3 and 4). The bacteria studied exhibited relatively higher decolorization competence than that of the other reported bacterial strains. Pei-Jie et al. (2012) reported the methyl orange decolorization of up to maximum 200 mg/L concentration. Parshetti et al. (2010) demonstrated the methyl orange decolorization by Kocuria rosia upto a maximum concentration of 100 mg/L. Saratale et al. (2009) showed decolorization of dye scarlet R up to maximum concentration of only 250 mg/L.
TGMD-3 short version: Evidence of validity and associations with sex in Irish children
Published in Journal of Sports Sciences, 2022
Michael J. Duncan, Clarice Martins, Paulo Felipe Ribeiro Bandeira, Johann Issartel, Cameron Peers, Sarahjane Belton, Noel E. O’Connor, Stephen Behan
Prior research has provided evidence of validity for a short version of TGMD-2 for Brazilian preschoolers (Bandeira et al., 2020). Considering there are different skills in the TGMD-2, as used by Bandeira et al. (2020), and those in the TGMD-3, as used the present study, almost all the skills of the current short version are different from those identified in the aforementioned Brazilian study. While we recognize all the skills assessed in the TGMD-2 or 3 are important in developing positive trajectories of lifelong sports and physical activity, we suggest that not all motor skills discriminate in assessing competence in FMS, and are actually related to sports and physical activity according to the context/culture where they are assessed (L. M. Barnett et al., 2016; Newell, 2020). This assertion would hold for any short form of the TGMD as well as the full version. Taking the kick as an example, we might assume in cultures where soccer is the most prevalent sport, scores for kick would likely be higher compared to cultural contexts where soccer is less well played. Alongside the difference in sample characteristics between the present study with 5–11 year olds, and the prior work of Bandeira et al. (2020) in Brazilian preschoolers, the cultural differences in sport and movement environments between Brazil and Ireland may contribute to the reason why the skills in the short forms of the TGMD 2/3 in the present study and that or prior work differ. There are however other reasons why the skills included in the current study differ from those using the TGMD-2 in Brazilian preschoolers. For example, the criteria for scoring some of the skills in the TGMD-2 differ for the TGMD-3, making it difficult to directly compare the results of the current study with those of Bandeira et al. (2020). Likewise, there is an acknowledged developmental trajectory of motor competence, influenced by growth and maturation, genetics, affordances in the physical and social environment, which will all interact and contribute to performance on the TGMD-3 (Temple & Foley, 2017). Temple and Foley (2017) noted that this developmental validity of the TGMD-3 needs to be considered when interpreting scores from the test, where, for example, older children are expected to score more highly than their younger peers. As a consequence, although the present study used similar methods of statistical analysis to the prior work of Bandeira et al. (2020), direct comparison between the results of the current study with 5–11 year old Irish children and that of Bandeira et al. (2020) with Brazilian preschoolers should be made with caution.