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Gastrointestinal tract and salivary glands
Published in A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha, Clark’s Procedures in Diagnostic Imaging: A System-Based Approach, 2020
A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha
Symptoms of persistent or recurrent diarrhoea, abdominal pain, bloating, fever, fatigue can indicate small bowel diseases such as Crohn’s disease (particularly in young people), coeliac disease and bacterial overgrowth syndrome. Serological testing is now the first investigation recommended by NICE for suspected coeliac disease, and endoscopic biopsy can be used to confirm the diagnosis if necessary. Investigation of the small bowel for diagnosis (and assessment of complications) of Crohn’s disease has been revolutionised by MRI, offering high-quality imaging of the small bowel without a radiation risk. Classical fluoroscopic imaging of the small bowel (simple enterography or combined with fluid distension techniques) now has limited application. With an experienced operator ultrasound of the small (and large) bowel has been shown to be useful in assessment of Crohn’s disease, including detection of bowel wall thickening and strictures.
Homo Sapiens (“Us”): Strengths and Weaknesses
Published in Michael Hehenberger, Zhi Xia, Huanming Yang, Our Animal Connection, 2020
Michael Hehenberger, Zhi Xia, Huanming Yang
CD is an autoimmune disorder affecting ∼1% of the population. It is caused by the ingestion of wheat, barley, rye, and derivatives and causes health issues in genetically predisposed people of all ages. “Classic” celiac disease symptoms include gastrointestinal issues such as chronic diarrhea and abdominal distention, loss of appetite, and impaired growth. More seriously, CD with “non-classic symptoms” occurs in children over 2 years of age, adolescents, and adults. In addition to intestinal symptoms, its non-intestinal manifestations may involve any organ of the body. Both CD and non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS, causing gastrointestinal symptoms but also headache and chronic fatigue), can be “cured” by switching to a gluten-free diet.
Homo Sapiens (“Us”): Strengths and Weaknesses
Published in Michael Hehenberger, Zhi Xia, Our Animal Connection, 2019
CD is an autoimmune disorder affecting ~1% of the population. It is caused by the ingestion of wheat, barley, rye, and derivatives and causes health issues in genetically predisposed people of all ages. “Classic” celiac disease symptoms include gastrointestinal issues such as chronic diarrhea and abdominal distention, loss of appetite, and impaired growth. More seriously, CD with “non-classic symptoms” occurs in children over 2 years of age, adolescents, and adults. In addition to intestinal symptoms, its non-intestinal manifestations may involve any organ of the body. Both CD and nonceliac gluten sensitivity (NCGS, causing gastrointestinal symptoms but also headache and chronic fatigue), can be “cured” by switching to a gluten-free diet.
The Wisdom of Germline Editing: An Ethical Analysis of the Use of CRISPR-Cas9 to Edit Human Embryos
Published in The New Bioethics, 2019
Other genes may be deleterious or beneficial depending on their environment. For example, type 1 diabetes and coeliac disease are significantly more prevalent in Finland than Russia despite similar levels of genetic predisposition (Kivela et al.2015). Scientists hypothesize that in Russia’s less sterile environment, these genes provide an appropriate level of protection against the local microbiota (Kivela et al.2015). In Finland’s more hygienic landscape, however, these genes prompt detrimental auto-immune responses (i.e., type 1 diabetes and celiac disease).