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Effect of consecutive deficiency of selenium and tungsten on production of acids and alcohols from CO
Published in Samayita Chakraborty, Biovalorisation of liquid and gaseous effluents of oil refinery and petrochemical industry, 2021
Production of chemicals from pollutants has become a main research interest in order to develop a circular economy. Particularly, the production of biofuels, e.g. bio alcohols, from gas, liquid or solid waste streams has never been of such importance as in the current scenario of climate change, characterized by a huge increase in per capita fuel consumption with simultaneous depletion of reserves of fossil fuels. CO, CO2 and/or syngas (a mixture of varying composition of CO, CO2 and H2) fermentation is emerging as a potential alternative route for the production of bio alcohols as suitable future bio-fuels, simultaneously or alternately generating value added chemicals like volatile fatty acids. The syngas bioconversion process to ethanol is even considered for commercialization (Köpke et al., 2011, Yasin et al., 2019). Primarily, pure cultures of CO metabolizing clostridia, e.g. Clostridium autoethanogenum, have been exploited for the production of bio alcohols (Kennes et al, 2016). Enhanced alcohol yields, compared to acids, can be achieved by alteration of the pH (Abubackar et al., 2016), optimization of the trace metal composition and concentrations (Saxena and Tanner, 2011; Abubackar et al., 2015; Fernández-Naveria et al., 2019) or using different bioreactor design and operating conditions (Ungerman and Heindel, 2007, Munashinge and Khanal, 2010; Fernández-Naveria et al., 2017).
Rapidly Changing Environment and Role of Microbiome in Restoring and Creating Sustainable Approaches
Published in Suhaib A. Bandh, Javid A. Parray, Nowsheen Shameem, Climate Change and Microbial Diversity, 2023
Manishankar Chakraborty, Udaya Kumar Vandana, Debayan Nandi, Lakkakula Satish, P.B. Mazumder
Clostridum spp. possesses the capacity to fix CO2 and CO, for example, Clostridium autoethanogenum, CO2, and CO fixes into central metabolite acetyl-CoA in the existence of H2 through the Wood—Ljungdahl pathway (Liew et al., 2016). Apart from these, Clostridium spp. also produces commercially important products in particular acetate, acetone, butanol, caproate, caprylate, ethanol, lactate, and valproate through various metabolic pathways and additionally its tolerance to lethal metabolites. Many strains of the Clostridium genus can capture CO2 or CO, as well use other carbon compounds viz., methanol and formate (HCOO-), as the main source of carbon (Mistry et al., 2019).
An Overview of Carbon and Nanoparticles Application in Bioelectrochemical System for Energy Production and Resource Recovery
Published in Sonia M. Tiquia-Arashiro, Deepak Pant, Microbial Electrochemical Technologies, 2020
Shiv Singh, Kshitij Tewari, Deepak Pant
The availability of lignocellulosic biomass is in abundance for the production of ethanol that is so far the most preferred route to make it (Singh et al. 2010). However, in recent years, gaseous substrate like CO2 has also been used to make ethanol. The Clostridium species has an ability to utilize the mixture of CO, CO2 and H2 for producing ethanol. Bajracharya et al. (2017b) used rectangle titanium with iridium coated anode electrode and graphite stick sandwiched between the pieces of graphite felts as the cathode electrode in an MES. In the cathode compartment, the mediator methyl viologen promotes acetic acid/acetate into ethanol and its concentration was 13.5 mM using graphite felt electrode with reference of Ag/AgCl electrode. The work of methyl viologen was to avoid side reactions like methanogenesis reaction and found the ethanol production in plenty. If the mediator such as methyl viologen was not present, then several bi-products such as butyrate/butyric acid were found (Steinbusch et al. 2010). Blanchet et al. have reported the concentration of ethanol is 35 mM using Sporomusa ovata as biocatalyst. The acetogenic bacteria S. ovata was primarily known for the production of acetate in large amount by CO2 reduction using carbon cloth electrode connected with Pt wire. Subsequently, some additional products are also produced, mainly ethanol in a little amount approximately below 1 mM (Blanchet et al. 2014). Younesi and his co-workers have reported the maximum concentration of ethanol to be 13 mM that is equivalent to 600 mg/L using Clostridium ljungdahlii as (Younesi et al. 2005). Some of the authors have reported that the various acetogens such as C. ljungdahlii, Clostridium autoethanogenum or Clostridium ragsdalei have the ability to produce a significant amount of ethanol via CO2 reduction (Schiel-Bengelsdorf and Dürre 2012).
Ethanol production by syngas fermentation in a continuous stirred tank bioreactor using Clostridium ljungdahlii
Published in Biofuels, 2019
Bimal Acharya, Animesh Dutta, Prabir Basu
Syngas, a mixture of carbon monoxide, hydrogen and carbon dioxide, is used in the biochemical conversion process in the presence of a biocatalyst or microorganism to produce biofuel. Syngas fermentation is defined as the process to convert syngas into various chemical products like ethanol, alcohol, and organic acid. Commonly used biological catalysts or microorganisms in syngas fermentation are Clostridium ljungdahlii, Clostridium ragsdalei, Clostridium carboxidivorans, Clostridium autoethanogenum, and Alkalibaculum bacchi [7–10]. These biocatalysts play an important role to metabolize syngas into bioethanol and acetic acid through the wood–ljungdahl pathway [11]. There are number of challenges to economically operate continuous fermentation by using biomass extracted syngas in a bioreactor because it needs complex distillation due to low ethanol concentration, advanced cleaning of toxic contaminants in biomass extracted syngas, and cheaper growth medium or media ingredients [12–15].