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Genome Editing and Gene Therapies: Complex and Expensive Drugs
Published in Peter Grunwald, Pharmaceutical Biocatalysis, 2020
Intermittent claudication is an implication of peripheral artery disease (atherosclerosis). An in vivo study (NCT 00080393) aiming on generating a modified Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) that may improve the growth of new blood vessels (as shown in animal experiments) with an engineered ZF transcription factor using plasmid DNA as vector) was started in 2004 by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, USA, and completed end of 2011. Finally, in a more recent in vivo study researchers from the Huazhong University of Science and Technology investigated whether the two ZFNs, ZFN-603 and ZFN-758, were able to effectively treat human papillomavirus HPV16- and HPV18-positive cervical intraepithelial neoplasia by disruption of the E7 oncogene DNA (see also Subsection 10.4.6.2.1) as has been proven before by a transgenic mouse model; estimated study completion date was July 2017.
Case Studies
Published in Nicholas Stergiou, Nonlinear Analysis for Human Movement Variability, 2018
Anastasia Kyvelidou, Leslie M. Decker
Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a result of atherosclerosis that leads to blockages in lower extremity arteries. In these patients, blood flow to the leg is inadequate and typically results in pain during walking known as intermittent claudication. Claudicating patients have reduced mobility, which led to multiple biomechanical studies to clearly identify the signature of gait in these individuals (Celis et al. 2009; Koutakis et al. 2010; McGrath et al. 2012; Myers et al. 2009, 2011; Wurdeman et al. 2012a, b). In these studies with PAD patients, gait was assessed through kinematics, specifically investigating the limit cycle that is evident in the relative angle range of motion time series for the ankle, knee, and hip joints.
Cardiovascular system
Published in A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha, Clark’s Procedures in Diagnostic Imaging: A System-Based Approach, 2020
A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha
Iliac or femoro-popliteal artery stenosis or occlusion, often caused by atherosclerosis, is a common indication for intervention. Patients present with symptoms of chronic lower limb ischaemia, most commonly claudication (pain in the legs on walking). In more severe ischaemia where there is tissue loss (ulceration or gangrene), angioplasty of the tibial vessels within the calf can also be performed to improve blood supply to the foot and help tissue healing. Other indications include thrombolysis for acute lower limb ischaemia.
The FlowOx device for the treatment of peripheral artery disease: current status and future prospects
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2021
In a recent randomized controlled trial of 72 patients with intermittent claudication, we showed that treatment with FlowOx for 1 hour twice daily for 12 weeks increased pain-free walking distance compared with sham treatment [16]. For the patients with the most symptomatic disease, there was an increase in both pain-free and maximal walking distance. This was the first double-blind, randomized sham-controlled trial to show that INP treatment increases walking capacity in patients with intermittent claudication, and the first randomized controlled trial that documented the clinical effects of FlowOx treatment. In patients with intermittent claudication, cardiovascular prevention and exercise therapy are the first-line treatment. Participation in supervised exercise therapy (SET) programs has positive effects on leg symptoms, general health, and cardiovascular risk. However, the use of SET in the management of patients with intermittent claudication is limited by low accessibility and poor compliance. A systematic review from 2016 concluded that only one third of the patients with PAD were suitable for and willing to undertake SET [17]. Hence, treatment with FlowOx might be a relevant adjunct to standard care for patients with intermittent claudication. Especially for patients with disabling claudication and a high risk of complications from endovascular or open surgical treatment, FlowOx treatment seems to be a reasonable alternative.
A systematic review of diagnostic techniques to determine tissue perfusion in patients with peripheral arterial disease
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2019
Kirsten F. Ma, Simone F. Kleiss, Richte C.L. Schuurmann, Reinoud P.H. Bokkers, Çagdas Ünlü, Jean-Paul P.M. De Vries
Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a common disease [1–4]. The number of people with PAD worldwide has increased by 24% in the past 10 years [5]. Patients with PAD often suffer from decreased mobility, severe pain, lower quality of life, and multiple morbidities. Within 10 years after being diagnosed with PAD, 2% of the patients will undergo major limb amputation [3]. The first symptomatic stage of PAD is usually manifested by intermittent claudication, which progresses into chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLI) in 15% of these patients. PAD does not progress linearly from claudication to CLI in every patient. Sometimes patients develop CLI without ever having claudication. Accurate and easy accessible diagnostic techniques are necessary for early detection and treatment of PAD.
Mobile applications in peripheral arterial disease (PAD): a review and introduction of a new innovative telemonitoring application: JBZetje
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2021
Michael J. Nugteren, Fabio S. Catarinella, Olivier H.J. Koning, Jan-Willem Hinnen
Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is an occlusive vascular disease of the lower extremities affecting over 200 million people worldwide with increasing incidence and prevalence numbers[1]. PAD presents as a spectrum of symptoms ranging from asymptomatic reduction in ankle pressures to critical limb ischemia. The majority of symptomatic patients presents with intermittent claudication[2].