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Hypertension and Correlation to Cerebrovascular Change: A Brief Overview
Published in Ayman El-Baz, Jasjit S. Suri, Cardiovascular Imaging and Image Analysis, 2018
Heba Kandil, Dawn Sosnin, Ali Mahmoud, Ahmed Shalaby, Ahmed Soliman, Adel Elmaghraby, Jasjit S. Suri, Guruprasad Giridharan, Ayman El-Baz
Computed tomography angiography (CTA) is an imaging technique that uses an intravenously administered iodine-rich contrast agent to capture X-ray images of blood and vasculature. A sample of a CTA image is shown in Figure 16.2. It can be used to assess arterial sizes, evaluate blood flows to diagnose vascular conditions such as stenosis (narrowing of the blood vessel), embolism (blockage), atherosclerosis, etc. Ley et al. used CTA of pulmonary arteries to diagnose patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension [25]. CT perfusion imaging enables evaluation of cerebral blood flow and perfusion. Multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT) utilizes a two-dimensional array of detector elements instead of a linear array of detector elements used in typical and helical CT scanners [26], which allows for high imaging acquisition speed, high spatial resolution, and more coverage of the patient [27]. Flat panel CT (FPCT) offers z-axis imaging in one rotation, which offers high spatial resolution images of entire organ systems (e.g., the cerebrovasculature) [28], [29].
Pulmonary hypertension induced by drugs and toxins
Published in Philippe Camus, Edward C Rosenow, Drug-induced and Iatrogenic Respiratory Disease, 2010
Kim Bouillon, Yola Moride, Lucien Abenhaim, Marc Humbert
Hypericum perforatum (St John’s wort) is a plant whose extract is licensed in continental Europe for the treatment of depression and anxiety.85 Recently, the SOPHIA study showed an association between use of St John’s wort and PAH with an odds ratio of 3.6 (95% CI: 1.0–13.0, versus chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension).23 This risk factor has been classified in the ‘possible’ category.2
Chronic iliofemoral vein obstruction – an under-recognized cause of exercise limitation‡
Published in European Journal of Sport Science, 2018
Michael J. Segel, Ronen Reuveny, Jacob Luboshitz, Dekel Shlomi, Issahar Ben-Dov
In all patients, significant chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) was ruled out by echocardiography and/or lung radionuclide perfusion scan. All but two patients had only mild to moderate signs and symptoms of PTS as defined by the Villalta score (Kahn, 2006) and clinical etiology anatomic pathophysiologic (CEAP) classification (Kahn, 2006); one patient (#6) had a Villalta score of 15 (lowest score defined as severe PTS) and class 6 PTS according to CEAP, and one patient (#9) had a Villalta score of 3 (no PTS) and class 1 PTS according to CEAP. Patient characteristics are shown in Table I-S.