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Innovations in Noninvasive Instrumentation and Measurements
Published in Robert B. Northrop, Non-Invasive Instrumentation and Measurement in Medical Diagnosis, 2017
The coagulation or clotting of blood is a complex biochemical process whereby blood changes from a liquid to a gel. Coagulation is normally a process that causes the cessation of blood loss from an externally damaged blood vessel through the formation of a clot. Clotting can also occur internally as the result of severe bruising of blood vessels. Medical conditions such as atrial fibrillation (AFib) can lead to the formation of microclots in the atrium of the heart as the result of static blood flow condition. Deep vein thromboses (DVTs) are large clots that form in leg veins as the result of static venous blood flow conditions resulting from leg vein compression (e.g., due to prolonged sitting in a bad posture) and/or defects in the venous valves that prevent them from blocking retrograde flow. There are many risk factors for the formation of DVTs and atrial clots.
Knowledge of and attitude toward venous thromboembolism among professional drivers in Saudi Arabia
Published in Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health, 2022
Adnan Raed Alnaser, Abdullah Abdulaziz Abdulwahab Khojah, Ammar S. A. Hashemi, Bandar Alsabban, Ammar Y. E. Musa, Eltayeb A. Albasheer, Tawfik Mamoun Rajab, Mohamed A. Ali, Juliann Saquib, Abdulrahman Almazrou, Nazmus Saquib
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a condition characterized by the formation of a blood clot in the deep tissues of the leg, groin, or arm (deep vein thrombosis, DVT). If the clot dislodges, it can block one of the arteries of the lung (pulmonary embolism, PE).1 Its incidence varies worldwide, being as low as 13.8 per 100,000 in Korea and as high as 269 per 100,000 in Denmark.2,3 In the United States, VTE is more common among African-Americans than other racial groups.4 Moreover, VTE is a significant cause of death. One study showed the 30-day mortality risk for VTE patients was 3% for DVT and 31% for PE, while the one-year mortality risk was 13% for DVT patients and 20% for PE patients.5 One study conducted in seven major hospitals in Saudi Arabia showed a mortality rate of 14.3%, which represented 1.6% of total hospital deaths.6
Review of pulmonary emboli and techniques for their mechanical removal to inform device design
Published in Journal of Medical Engineering & Technology, 2020
Jessica Brand, Roger McGowan, Amit Nimunkar
This paper will exclusively define PEs as blood clots that migrate to the PAs. Clinically relevant PEs can occur at various levels of the PA network, though most are present in larger and more proximal PA branches [3]. Most commonly, a PE stems from a clot that originates in the veins of the lower leg, called a deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Approximately 79% of PE patients have signs of DVTs [11]. Much about the in-vivo formation and mechanical properties of blood clots still remains unknown [12,13].