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Managing Stress
Published in Rhona Flin, Paul O’Connor, Margaret Crichton, Safety at the Sharp End, 2008
Rhona Flin, Paul O’Connor, Margaret Crichton
Chronic stress is related to conditions in the workplace and the individual’s reaction to these, usually over a protracted period of time. Baum et al. (1993) define chronic stress as ‘the persistent negative experience or exposure of threat or excessive demand’ (p274). In an increasingly high-tech and complex world, the levels of stress are escalating, and chronic stress is rife across many types of workplace. A secretary working in a bank, a control room operator in a nuclear power plant, or a soldier patrolling the streets of a foreign country must be able to cope with periods of chronic stress. However, individuals working in high-risk industries must also be able to function effectively under shorter periods of acute stress, and may need to make critical decisions under extreme pressures and demands. Therefore, an understanding of both chronic and acute stress is crucial to maintain, or improve, job performance.
Environmental Ergonomics
Published in Robert W. Proctor, Van Zandt Trisha, Human Factors in Simple and Complex Systems, 2018
Robert W. Proctor, Van Zandt Trisha
Stress is a physiological and psychological response to unpleasant or unusual conditions, called stressors (Sonnentag & Frese, 2003). These conditions may be imposed by the physical environment, the task performed, one’s personality and social interactions, and other stressful situations at home and at work. Although specific stressors, such as temperature extremes, produce specific physiological responses in a person, they all cause the same nonspecific demand on the body to adapt itself. This demand for adaptation is stress. Acute stress associated with immediate events can be intense and affect performance; chronic stress over a period of time can have harmful physical, as well as psychological, effects on a person.
Medical Implications of Stress
Published in J. Rose, Human Stress and the Environment, 2021
A number of psychiatric disorders may be precipitated by stress with which the patient is unable to cope, and likewise, an existing psychiatric illness generates stress, both for the patient and those in contact with him or her.46 Since the immediate response to an acute stress situation is analogous to an anxiety state, generalised anxiety disorder and its variants, including phobias and panic disorder, are intimately implicated diagnoses. However, just as anxiety is associated with acute stress, so may major depression develop insidiously in response to prolonged chronic stress and, moreover, this serious fundamental illness may be concealed by the continuing overlay of anxiety symptoms.
Relationships between changes in self-reported physical activity, sedentary behaviour and health during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic in France and Switzerland
Published in Journal of Sports Sciences, 2021
Boris Cheval, Hamsini Sivaramakrishnan, Silvio Maltagliati, Layan Fessler, Cyril Forestier, Philippe Sarrazin, Dan Orsholits, Aïna Chalabaev, David Sander, Nikos Ntoumanis, Matthieu P. Boisgontier
At the time of writing, over a quarter of the worldwide population is in containment to slow down the spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This stressful context likely has detrimental effects on physical and mental health, as chronic stress is associated with neuroendocrine, metabolic, inflammatory, cardiovascular, and cognitive systems dysregulation (Juster et al., 2010). As physical activity has been shown to protect both physical and mental health (Rebar et al., 2015; Warburton et al., 2006), it could help people cope with COVID-19 related stress and mitigate its detrimental effects on health. Conversely, sedentary behaviour, defined as any waking behaviour in a reclining, sitting, or lying position that requires an energy expenditure lower than 1.5 Metabolic Equivalent Task (MET) (Sedentary Behaviour Research Network, 2012), has been shown to have a wide range of relatively independent negative health effects, including adverse metabolic conditions, depression, cognitive decline, quality of life and increased mortality (Boberska et al., 2018; Ekelund et al., 2016; Hamilton et al., 2007; Olanrewaju et al., 2020; Teychenne et al., 2010).
Mental Stress Assessment Using PPG Signal a Deep Neural Network Approach
Published in IETE Journal of Research, 2023
Due to the pace of modern life and the shift of work from physical to more on the cognitive side, mental stress is increasing in every profession. It has become a leading cause of work-related illness [1,2]. Working for extended periods under mental stress can increase the risk of both mental and physical diseases like depression, heart diseases, and digestion problems etc. [2]. Mental stress can be classified in different categories, namely acute and chronic. Episodic acute stress occurs on a situational basis and can result in rigid and obsessive behavior. Chronic stress results from long-duration perceived emotional pressure, which can significantly affect blood circulation (high blood pressure), immune response, and mental health of an individual [2].
Design for healthy ageing – the relationship between design, well-being, and quality of life: a review
Published in Building Research & Information, 2022
Lina Engelen, Margie Rahmann, Ellen de Jong
Safety and security are basic needs that are important aspects of our well-being. If our safety needs are not met, our primary behavioural reaction is to ‘fight or flight’. If this state is prolonged the chronic stress condition can contribute to high blood pressure, and mental health issues, such as anxiety, phobia, depression and addiction (Harvard Medical School, 2020). Three types of safety concerns for older adults have been identified; physical, spatial and interpersonal (Tong et al., 2016). The research available on safety and security for older adults was very limited and general, and conducted in Canada, India and China (Killias, 2000; Whitley & Prince, 2005; Tong et al., 2016; Firdaus, 2017; Leung et al., 2019).