China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Review of the Human Brain and EEG Signals
Published in Teodiano Freire Bastos-Filho, Introduction to Non-Invasive EEG-Based Brain–Computer Interfaces for Assistive Technologies, 2020
Alessandro Botti Benevides, Alan Silva da Paz Floriano, Mario Sarcinelli-Filho, Teodiano Freire Bastos-Filho
By convention, the brain is divided into lobes, based on the overlying skull bones: the central sulcus separates the frontal lobe from the parietal3 lobe; and the lateral sulcus, or Sylvian fissure,4 separates the frontal lobe and the temporal5 lobe; and the occipital6 lobe is located on the caudal region of the brain, and is surrounded by the parietal and temporal lobes [1].
Effects of Temporal Light Modulation on Cognitive Performance,Eye Movements, and Brain Function
Published in LEUKOS, 2023
Jennifer A. Veitch, Patricia Van Roon, Amedeo D’Angiulli, Arnold Wilkins, Brad Lehman, Greg J. Burns, E. Erhan Dikel
The source analysis was performed using Brain Electric Source Analysis software (BESA v. 5.2.4.48). The analysis used the grand mean waveform recorded from −200 to 1000 ms relative to the onset of the stimulus (Scherg and Picton 1991), separately for four types of Stroop trials: color–congruent, color–incongruent, word–congruent and word–incongruent. The dipole sources were fitted using a 4-ellipsoidal head model (with the following default values for thickness (expressed in mm) – head = 85.0, scalp = 6.0, bone = 7.0, cerebro-spinal fluid (csf) = 1.0; and conductivity (expressed in Siemens per meter, S/m: brain = 0.330, scalp = .330, bone = 0.0042, csf = 1.0). Two dipoles were positioned, one in each hemisphere, posterior to the central sulcus, prior to performing the analysis. The sampling rate was 2000 Hz; therefore, the number of output points was 2400 for each dipole. These points were binned into 24 bins of 100 points using a common binning procedure for linear and non-linear regression fit modeling (Dozza et al. 2013), so that the analysis of variance of the source dipole moments had a sample size (N) of 24. Source dipole moments are directional (vector) quantities. Our focus being on the strength of activation rather than its direction, we took the absolute values for source dipole moments in order to study the strength of activation as a scalar quantity.
Electric source imaging for presurgical epilepsy evaluation: current status and future prospects
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2020
Pierre Mégevand, Margitta Seeck
The accuracy of ESI in localizing epilepsy-related EEG activity has been established by comparing it with the gold standards of intracranial EEG and surgical outcomes [23,29]. This work has increased the confidence of the clinical community in using ESI to localize cerebral activity, and this confidence also extends to other settings where these gold standards are not available [18]. ESI can also contribute to mapping so-called eloquent cortex, the cortical areas that are involved in critical functions like motor control or speech perception and production and should be spared by the surgeon. ESI of somatosensory-evoked potentials recorded with hdEEG accurately localizes sensorimotor cortex around the central sulcus [68]. More recently, ESI and MSI have been applied successfully to identify which cerebral hemisphere is dominant for language [69,70]. Studies on the accurate localization of cortical regions indispensable for speech or memory with hdEEG are still pending, but the situation is likely to evolve favorably with refinements in data analysis and knowledge of the size and number of modules of the underlying networks.
Workshops of the seventh international brain-computer interface meeting: not getting lost in translation
Published in Brain-Computer Interfaces, 2019
Jane E. Huggins, Christoph Guger, Erik Aarnoutse, Brendan Allison, Charles W. Anderson, Steven Bedrick, Walter Besio, Ricardo Chavarriaga, Jennifer L. Collinger, An H. Do, Christian Herff, Matthias Hohmann, Michelle Kinsella, Kyuhwa Lee, Fabien Lotte, Gernot Müller-Putz, Anton Nijholt, Elmar Pels, Betts Peters, Felix Putze, Rüdiger Rupp, Gerwin Schalk, Stephanie Scott, Michael Tangermann, Paul Tubig, Thorsten Zander
Many of the speakers spoke about the challenge of asking the participants to describe the perceptual qualities and naturalness of the sensations as we are lacking a well-calibrated and complete lexicon. In order to generate more natural sensations, we can turn to the basic science literature, where much is known about how somatosensory cortex responds to natural tactile stimulation of the intact hand [166,170,171]. Future work will evaluate whether reproducing the naturally occurring spatiotemporal activation patterns through intracortical microstimulation of somatosensory cortex can improve the naturalness and usefulness of restored somatosensation. Finally, in order to restore proprioception, new technology may be needed to access cortical areas within the central sulcus that typically receive proprioceptive inputs [172].