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Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy for Neuroendocrine Tumours
Published in Michael Ljungberg, Handbook of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging for Physicists, 2022
Anna Sundlöv, Katarina Sjögreen Gleisner
NETs that secrete one or more hormones may cause typical hormonal syndromes. The most well-known is the carcinoid syndrome, which is caused by tumoural secretion of vaso-active substances of which the most important is serotonin. The carcinoid syndrome is a triad of flushing (redness and heat in the skin), diarrhea and carcinoid heart disease (fibrosis of the right heart valves causing congestive heart failure). Another very typical, but also very rare, hormonal syndrome is caused by pancreatic insulinomas – NETs that continuously produce insulin – causing life-threatening episodes of hypoglycemia, which worsen as the tumour progresses. Other pancreatic NETs may secrete glucagon or gastrin, among other hormones, each with its specific clinical presentation. Bronchopulmonary NETs sometimes secrete ACTH, which causes the ectopic Cushing syndrome (hyperglycemia, muscle wasting, redistribution of body fat, osteoporosis, etc.) by stimulating the production of cortisol by the adrenal glands.
Bayesian network model to diagnose WMSDs with working characteristics
Published in International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 2020
Gilseung Ahn, Sun Hur, Myung-Chul Jung
In particular, many researchers have adopted BNs to diagnose diseases, owing to the fourth stated advantage (its diagnosis results can provide practical interpretations). For example, dynamic BNs have been developed to diagnose carcinoid syndrome [11] and ventilator-associated pneumonia [12]. Seixas et al. [13] developed a BN for the early diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairments. Cruz-Ramírez et al. [14] employed various Bayesian models to diagnose breast cancer. In addition, BNs have been adopted to diagnose industrial accidents based on working environments or conditions. Baksh et al. [15] developed a BN to diagnose accidents in liquefied natural gas (LNG) processes by considering several factors, such as human, management and organizational factors. Martín et al. [16] established a BN to diagnose falling accidents based on factors such as employees’ working hours and previous working experience. Arroyo-Figueroa et al. [17] developed an industrial disaster diagnosis system using a BN. García-Herrero et al. [18] analyzed the impacts of various working conditions on the occurrences of industrial accidents by developing a BN. Although a BN provides an appropriate tool for diagnosis, no previous studies have employed this to diagnose WMSDs.
A pilot study of exome sequencing in a diverse New Zealand cohort with undiagnosed disorders and cancer
Published in Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 2018
Colina McKeown, Samantha Connors, Rachel Stapleton, Tim Morgan, Ian Hayes, Katherine Neas, Joanne Dixon, Kate Gibson, David M. Markie, Peter Tsai, Cherie Blenkiron, Sandra Fitzgerald, Paula Shields, Patrick Yap, Ben Lawrence, Cristin Print, Stephen P. Robertson
A female aged over 60 with a known familial BRCA1 mutation and a personal history of breast cancer 10 years prior, presented with abdominal pain, iron deficiency, flushing and diarrhoea. Radiological investigation showed multiple liver lesions, from which a core biopsy was taken. Pathological analysis showed morphological features consistent with a neuroendocrine tumour which stained for the neuroendocrine specific markers Synaptophysin and CD56, and gastrointestinal markers villin and CDX2. Proliferative indices confirmed an intermediate grade (Ki-67 4%). The final diagnosis was metastatic gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumour of unknown primary, causing carcinoid syndrome.