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Smart Piezoelectric Films for Sensors and Actuators Applications
Published in Sam Zhang, Materials for Devices, 2023
A sensing layer of Au film on the Love mode SAW device with a ZnO/ST-cut quartz structure was used to detect rat immunoglobulin G (Ig G), which achieves a high sensitivity of 950 cm2·g−1[160]. Gluteraldehyde film was functionalized on the Love mode SAW biosensor with a layered structure of ZnO/SiO2/Si, which showed a successful detection of IL-6 protein with a low level of 4.456 μm2·pg−1[161]. Glucose biosensor has been developed using the SAW device with a Mn-ZnO/SiO2/Si structure, which showed a good response to blood sugar levels with a sensitivity of 7.184 MHz· mM−1[162]. A novel design of the ZnO SAW biosensor integrated with MEMS and COMS processes were demonstrated, which could detect mammaglobin using the streptavidin sensing layer, resulting in a sensitivity of 8.704 pg·Hz−1[163]. The C60-hemoglobin composite was coated as the sensing layer on the surface of the LiTaO3 SAW device to monitor the anti-hemoglobin with the sensitivity of 12.495 pg·Hz−1 [164]. The carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is an indicator of disease recurrence, which could be tested using the Love mode SAW biosensors with the limit of the concentration low to 0.37 ng·mL−1[165–167].
MOF-based Electrochemical Sensors for Biological Macromolecule Sensing
Published in Ram K. Gupta, Tahir Rasheed, Tuan Anh Nguyen, Muhammad Bilal, Metal-Organic Frameworks-Based Hybrid Materials for Environmental Sensing and Monitoring, 2022
Peihong Tong, Yongjuan Meng, Jianping Li
Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), as a tumor marker, plays an important role in the diagnosis and screening of many cancers. The content of CEA in healthy biological samples is less than 5 ng/mL. Therefore, a sensitive method of CEA is crucial for early cancer screening and clinical tumor diagnosis. Guo et al. developed a novel biosensor for the detection of CEA [40]. As shown in Figure 24.4, UiO-66(Zr) was first prepared by a solvothermal method, followed by the addition of AgNO3 solution and an aptamer targeting CEA at room temperature. Then, under vigorous shaking, the freshly prepared ice-cold NaBH4 solution was added to the above mixture. Finally, AgNCs@Apt@UiO-66 nanocomposites were obtained. The material has good biocompatibility, electrochemical activity, and strong affinity. The electrochemical sensor constructed, based on this material, has high sensitivity. CEA was detected by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and differential pulse voltammetry with detection limits of 8.88 pg/mL and 4.93 pg/mL, respectively. It can be seen that AgNCs@Apt@UiO-66 nanocomposite materials can be used for multifunctional biosensing, and the results show that Zr-MOF-based biosensors have potential applications in clinical diagnosis.
Micro-Robots/Microswimmers for Biomedical Applications
Published in Tuhin S. Santra, Microfluidics and Bio-MEMS, 2020
Naveen Kumar Agrawal, Pallab Sinha Mahapatra, Tuhin S. Santra
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are primarily responsible for spawning cancer metastasis. Detection of these CTCs provides diagnosis and prognosis of different kind of cancers [1]. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is the most common antigen present in cancer cells like colorectal, pancreatic, and gastric [1] cancer cells. Balasubramanian et al. [1] demonstrated in vitro isolation and transport of pancreatic cancer cells (bearing CEA + antigen) using a bubble-propelled tubular micro-robot. They functionalized the micro-robot with an anti-CEA monoclonal antibody (mAb) to selectively capture and transport the cancer cells. Selective capturing and transportation of the tumor cells without preprocessing the biological sample has great promise in the diagnosis of cancer and other diseases.
Determination of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) by surface plasmon resonance-enhanced total internal reflection ellipsometry (SPRe-TIRE)
Published in Instrumentation Science & Technology, 2023
Aslı Erkal-Aytemur, Samet Şahin, Zafer Üstündağ, İbrahim Ender Mülazımoğlu, Mustafa Oguzhan Caglayan
Cancer is an important disease that threatens human health globally and early detection plays a crucial role.[1] Cancer biomarkers are characteristic measures to indicate the risk and occurrence of cancer and patient outcome.[2] If cancer is detected, diagnosed and treated at an early stage, then the chances of survival significantly increase.[3] Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is a glycoprotein and one of the well-known biomarkers for the diagnosis of liver, colon, breast, and colorectal cancer.[4–6]