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Cell Adhesion in Animal Cell Culture: Physiological and Fluid-Mechanical Implications
Published in Martin A. Hjortso, Joseph W. Roos, Cell Adhesion, 2018
Manfred R. Koller, Eleftherios T. Papoutsakis
The staggering number of mature cells that must be continuously produced under normal unstressed conditions are derived from progenitor (or precursor) cells. These progenitor cells are unipotential or bipotential and are therefore capable of undergoing proliferation, differentiation, and development into only one or two of the mature cell types. These progenitor cells are designated by the term “colony-forming unit,” CFU (or “colony-forming cell,” CFC), because of their ability to form colonies of mature cells in semisolid agar culture. To specify the type of progenitor, a suffix is simply added to the CFU-designation. For example, granulocyte/macrophage colony-forming units (CFU-GM) proliferate and develop into mature neutrophils and macrophages. Erythroid colony-forming units (CFU-E) undergo growth and hemoglobinization to form mature erythrocytes. Similarly, other lineage-restricted progenitor cells have been described that give rise to eosinophils (CFU-Eos), basophils (CFU-Bas), and megakaryocytes (CFU-Meg) (133). In adult animals, these myeloid progenitor cells are located mainly in the bone marrow, with small populations in the spleen and the circulation. It therefore follows that the bone marrow is the major site of myeloid blood cell production in adults. B-cell progenitors are found in the bone marrow, spleen, and lymphoid tissues, while T-cell progenitors are formed only in the thymus and from there may migrate to other lymphoid tissues. Like the mature cells they produce, most progenitor cells are short-lived because as they proliferate, they concomitantly undergo development and lose their proliferative potential.
The study on the inhibitory mechanism of JTZ-951 and its analogue against prolyl hydroxylase-2 to mediate the response to hypoxia in the process of sports
Published in Molecular Physics, 2021
Tao Li, Song Wang, Hao Zhang, Jiankang Yu
Erythropoietin (EPO) is a glycoprotein produced by the kidney [1]. EPO may stimulate haematopoietic pluripotent stem cells to form erythroid progenitor cells, but it is also believed that EPO acts on erythroid progenitor cells and their progenitor cells. In stem cell culture, two kinds of colony forming units (BFU-E) and erythropoietin responsive colony forming unit (CFU-E) were obtained by adding EPO [2,3]. In fact, EPO influences the cells of the whole red blood cell system.