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Development of Oligonucleotide Delivery, (siRNAs), and (miRNA) Systems for Anticancer Therapeutic Strategy Immunotherapy
Published in Loutfy H. Madkour, Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery in Cancer Treatment, 2022
As mentioned above [27], the MHC-I molecule binds the peptide derived from a protein antigen and presents it to T cells. However, we now know that a new paradigm exists for antigen presentation, which is the recognition of nonpeptide antigens, lipid-based antigens that are present on CD1 molecules by T cells or NKT cells [66]. A recent study also revealed that MHC-I molecules presented lipopeptide antigens in addition to peptide antigens [67]. The expression of CD1 was different between human and muroid rodents. The human CD1 family is composed of CD1a, CD1b, CD1c, CD1d, and CD1e, whereas only CD1d is expressed by muroid rodents [68]. These CD1 molecules, which are prominently expressed in APCs, bind lipids such as fatty acids, glycolipids, and lipopeptides. The lipid antigens would be expected to function as a new vaccine against bacterial infections because lipid antigens are mainly found in bacteria, particularly mycobacteria, and induce lipid antigen–specific T cell responses. However, it has been difficult to develop and utilize them as vaccines or tools because of their poor solubility in water. We hypothesized that the lipid antigens would be excellent with LNPs and that a lipid antigen could be incorporated into octaarginine (R8)-modified nanoparticles (R8-NP). R8-NP has a high affinity for cells, efficiently delivers antigens to APCs, and is a potent vaccine carrier [69–71]. It has been recently reported that R8-NP was a potent carrier for lipid antigens [72–78].
Overview of Immune Tolerance Strategies
Published in Richard K. Burt, Alberto M. Marmont, Stem Cell Therapy for Autoimmune Disease, 2019
Charles J. Hackett, Helen Quill
Another distinct regulatory population, the NKT cells, bears surface molecules commonly found on both natural killer cells and T cells.14,15 NKT cells produce interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-10, and interferon-gamma, probably influencing the activation of other regulatory T cell populations. NKT cells recognize the APC surface molecule CD1, which presents lipid antigens, in contrast to the peptide-presenting MHC class I or class II molecules.16 Recently, a ligand that is recognized by NK T cells in a CD 1-restricted manner, alpha-galactosylceramide, was shown to protect against the onset of type 1 diabetes in an NOD mouse model.17, 18 Analyses showed that IL-10 production by NKT cells was responsible for the protective effect.
Biochar improves the adaptability of Vicia faba L in cadmium contaminated soil
Published in Soil and Sediment Contamination: An International Journal, 2023
Sondes Helaoui, Iteb Boughattas, Marouane Mkhinini, Sameh El Kribi-Boukhris, Alexandre Livet, Noureddine Bousserhine, Mohamed Banni
The fresh matter of shoots and roots decreased in Cd-contaminated soils, and this was accentuated when exposed to Cd2 where we recorded a loss of 34% in shoots and 61% in roots. In contrast, an increase in shoot weight was detected in plant treated with B, Cd1B and Cd2B comparing to CK and rates reached respectively 10%, 17% and 16%. Also, biochar application even in presence of Cd had increased plant’s weight where means passed from 3.12 ± 0.04 g for Cd1 to 4.12 ± 0.16 g for Cd1B.