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Fundamentals of Three-Dimensional Cell Culture in Hydrogels
Published in Xiaolu Zhu, Zheng Wang, Self-Organized 3D Tissue Patterns, 2022
The cellular growth performance is usually influenced by the cell– matrix interactions, especially in the study on the stem cells behaviors in 3D matrices. Like most stem cells, the immortalized C2C12 cells are capable of self-renewing to produce the same cells [34]. Under specific conditions, C2C12 cells can differentiate into several types of cells, such as adipocytes, muscle cells, and osteoblasts. Hence, C2C12 cells have pluripotency and their behaviors could be representative for a part of stem cells, especially myogenic stem cells. In addition, the fate of the C2C12 cells is usually easier to be influenced by the extracellular microenvironment, especially the mechanical property of hydrogels. Additionally, NIH-3T3 cells, derived from mouse embryonic fibroblasts, tend to fill spaces within tissues and form ECM [35], whereas endothelial cells form into tubular architectures with a central lumen that is essential to blood vessel function. Fibroblasts also have been frequently used as recipients of DNA to detect cell-transforming genes for analyzing the tumorigenic potential of various patterns of gene expression. Therefore, the C2C12 and NIH-3T3 cells are used as typical cell models to demonstrate the cytotoxicity of the hydrogels and the cellular proliferations in the 3D hydrogels.
Self-organizing cell tactile perception which depends on mechanical stimulus history
Published in Advanced Robotics, 2019
Masahiro Shimizu, Kosuke Minzan, Hiroki Kawashima, Kota Miyasaka, Takuya Umedachi, Toshihiko Ogura, Junichi Nakai, Masamichi Ohkura, Koh Hosoda
Based on these considerations, the aim of this study was to estimate the tactile perception characteristics of cells towards novel tactile sensors in a bio-machine hybrid system. We focused on the mechanobiological properties of a C2C12 cell, which is an immortalized mouse myoblast cell line. Calcium ion levels increase when the cells perceive mechanical stimuli. We developed preliminary equipment to verify the tactile sensation characteristics of the cells. We cultured the cells on a thin polydimethylsulfoxane (PDMS) membrane. We applied two types of mechanical stimuli: by poking and stretching the cells from the opposite side of the membrane. Next, we observed the cell distributions and quantified calcium ion increases inside the cells for tactile sensation. The results of our experiments demonstrated that the mechanical stimuli caused significant changes in the orientation and local density of cell aggregation. Interestingly we confirmed that increases in calcium ion depend on the history of how the mechanical stimuli were applied.
Serum from differently exercised subjects induces myogenic differentiation in LHCN-M2 human myoblasts
Published in Journal of Sports Sciences, 2018
D. Vitucci, E. Imperlini, R. Arcone, A. Alfieri, A. Canciello, L. Russomando, D. Martone, A. Cola, G. Labruna, S. Orrù, D. Tafuri, A. Mancini, P. Buono
C2C12 murine myoblasts are the experimental model most widely used to study the myogenic differentiation process in response to different stimuli, including physical exercise. These cells are a subclone of C2 myoblasts that spontaneously differentiate in culture after serum starvation (Burattini et al., 2004; Coolican, Samuel, Ewton, McWade, & Florini, 1997; Linkhart, Clegg, & Hauschka, 1981).