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Africa
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Artisanal and small-scale mining community health, safety, and sanitation
Published in Saleem H. Ali, Kathryn Sturman, Nina Collins, Africa’s Mineral Fortune, 2018
Danellie Lynas, Gernelyn Logrosa, Ben Fawcett
A skin disease called Buruli ulcer is the second-most widespread mycobacterium infection in Ghana, with a reported higher prevalence in the Amansie West District.4 Ghana is consistently second only to Côte d’Ivoire among six west African countries reporting the most cases of Buruli ulcer, worldwide, every year from 2010–2016. During this period, there has been a steady decline in global cases from nearly 5,000 to 1,864 cases in 2016.5 Skin disease, transmitted through bacterially infected water, is just one aspect of a wide range of pressing challenges that result from lack of access to clean water and sanitation services and lack of capacity-building support services to improve water-related occupational health and safety practices.6
Therapeutic potentials of endophytes for healthcare sustainability
Published in Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2021
Ayodeji O. Falade, Kayode E. Adewole, Temitope C. Ekundayo
NTDs are a wide range of communicable diseases with prevalence in the tropics and subtropics environments in over 140 countries [106]. There are about 18 diseases categorized by the WHO as NTDs, which include among others trachoma, buruli ulcer, leprosy, Chagas disease, leishmaniases, human African trypanosomiasis and schistosomiasis. According to WHO, NTDs affect over one billion individuals with a huge cost implication on the developing countries annually. In an attempt to prevent, control, eliminate and eradicate NTDs, the WHO developed a roadmap which suggested preventive chemotherapy and the need to strengthen the management of NTDs as some of the major strategies [107]. It is, therefore, noteworthy that bioactive compounds from endophytes have exhibited significant anti-leishmanial, antitrypanosomal and schistosomicidal activity [108–111], which suggests that secondary metabolites from endophytes are prospective candidates for the management of NTDs. However, endophytes are currently underexplored for production of potential drug candidates in the management of NTDs. As such, future research efforts should be geared toward this direction as endophytes are promising bioresources for novel natural bioactive compounds for NTDs therapeutics.
In vitro antibacterial activities of selected TB drugs in the presence of clay minerals against multidrug-resistant strain of Mycobacterium smegmatis
Published in Cogent Engineering, 2020
Patrick K. Arthur, Vincent Amarh, Ethel J. S. Blessie, Rebecca Yeboah, Benjamin W. Kankpeyeng, Samuel N. Nkumbaan, Elvis K Tiburu
The rapid and spontaneous mutation rate of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which resulted in emergence of extensively drug resistant strains, provides a platform for exploring alternative chemotherapeutic approaches including the use of minerals to support effective delivery of anti-TB drugs. Minerals from clay have been shown to exhibit antibacterial activity against diverse bacterial strains, including Mycobacterium marinum (Ma’or et al., 2006; Somoskovi et al., 2004; Williams et al., 2008, 2004). French green clays have also been used to treat Buruli ulcer, which is a mycobacterium infection (Brunet de Courssou, 2002). These studies highlight the potential of using clay for treatment of infections caused by mycobacterial (Londono et al., 2017; Schoonen et al., 2006). However, studies which explore the synergy of clay and antibiotics against mycobacterial infections are yet to be comprehensively documented.