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Cardiovascular system
Published in A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha, Clark’s Procedures in Diagnostic Imaging: A System-Based Approach, 2020
A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha
The thoracic aorta commences at the aortic valve and passes into the abdomen by passing through the diaphragmatic hiatus at the level of the T12 vertebral body. It is divided into the ascending aorta, aortic arch and descending aorta. Major vessels arise from the ascending aorta and arch. The right and left coronary arteries arise from the root of the ascending aorta close to the aortic valve cusps. The aortic arch gives rise to three large vessels that supply the head and neck region and the upper limbs: the brachiocephalic artery (also known as the brachiocephalic trunk or innominate artery), the left common carotid artery and the left subclavian artery. The brachiocephalic artery divides and give rise to the right common carotid and right subclavian arteries. Each common carotid artery divides into the internal and external carotid arteries. The vertebral artery arises as the first branch of the subclavian artery on each side. The subclavian artery passes laterally to continue as the axillary artery at the lateral border of the first rib. The axillary artery continues down the arm and at the inferior margin of the teres major muscle it becomes the brachial artery. At the cubital fossa the brachial artery divides into the radial and ulnar arteries, which continue down the forearm to the hand.
The effect of Womersley number and particle radius on the accumulation of lipoproteins in the human aorta
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2020
Xueping Chen, Jian Zhuang, Yueheng Wu
The relationship between WSS and Cw indicated that lipoproteins were elevated at locations where WSS was low (Figure 9(І)). The relationship between OSI and Cw showed that when OSI was low, the values of Cw could be both high and low. However, when OSI was high, the values of Cw were basically high (Figure 9(ІІ)). This meant that high OSI would promote the accumulating of the lipoproteins on the endothelial surfaces. This could give us the impression that the hemodynamic parameter OSI may not be the main impact factor on lipoprotein transport when the OSI value was small. It was suggested that the net amounts of lipoproteins passing through the arterial wall were depended upon both the contact time and the properties of the endothelium (De Nisco et al. 2018), in this study, the regions of high Cw was easily found just around (upstream or just downstream) the places of high RRT areas, such as in the regions of the brachiocephalic artery where the high Cw was identified upstream of high RRT. Therefore, high RRT may be also responsible for the formation of atherosclerosis.
Statistical shape representation of the thoracic aorta: accounting for major branches of the aortic arch
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2022
Hadi Wiputra, Shion Matsumoto, Jessica E. Wagenseil, Alan C. Braverman, Rochus K. Voeller, Victor H. Barocas
SSMs capture and describe the geometry of semantically similar objects and have become increasingly popular in biomedical research by virtue of their ability to recover intuitive variations in morphological features. TAAs have been studied under the SSM framework (Bruse et al. 2017; Liang et al. 2017; Catalano et al. 2021), demonstrating its potential to correlate geometric features with clinically relevant metrics such as rupture risk (Cosentino et al. 2020). These SSMs, however, considered only the ascending and descending portion of the thoracic aorta and removed the branching head vessels of the aortic arch: the brachiocephalic artery (BCA), left subclavian artery (LSA), and left common coronary artery (LCCA).
Reduced order model for patient specific fluid transient simulation of blood flow in aortic cross
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2019
C. Shao, J. Tomasi, V. Morgenthaler, M. Lederlin, J. P. Verhoye, P. Haigron
The 3 D geometry of the aorta was manually extracted from CT-scan data. The data set consisted of 246 slices of 512*512 pixels, with an effective slice thickness of 1.25 mm. The 3 D geometry includes the end of the ascending aorta, the beginning of the brachiocephalic artery, the left subclavian artery, the left carotid and the descending aorta.