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Phosphors in Role of Magnetic Resonance, Medical Imaging and Drug Delivery Applications: A Review
Published in Vikas Dubey, Sudipta Som, Vijay Kumar, Luminescent Materials in Display and Biomedical Applications, 2020
Neha Dubey, Vikas Dubey, Jagjeet Kaur, Dhananjay Kumar Deshmukh, K.V.R. Murthy
Bioluminescence imaging is a technology that allows for the non-invasive study of ongoing biological processes in small laboratory animals. Xing and co-workers (Yang et al. 2012) reported NIR light controlled uncaging of d-luciferin and bioluminescence imaging in vivo using NIR-to-UV UCNP probes. The core-shell NIR-to-UV UCNPs were coated with thiolated silane molecules and subsequently coupled to d-luciferin that was caged with a 1-(2-nitrophenyl) ethyl group. UV light emitted from UCNPs under NIR irradiation could activate caged d-luciferin to release d-luciferin molecules which was an active substrate of luciferase used in bioluminescence imaging. Cell viability assays showed no obvious cytotoxicity for C6 glioma cells treated with the d-luciferin/UCNP conjugate after two hours of irradiation with NIR light. In marked contrast, UV irradiation resulted in significant cellular damage after a short exposure time. Importantly, strong bioluminescence signals were detected in the mouse injected d-luciferin/UCNP conjugate after NIR-light induced photo uncaging. While under UV irradiation, no notable bioluminescence was detected in the mouse owing to the poor tissue penetration of UV light (Fig. 7.5).
The Emergence of “Magnetic and Fluorescent” Multimodal Nanoparticles as Contrast Agents in Bioimaging
Published in Wolfgang Sigmund, Hassan El-Shall, Dinesh O. Shah, Brij M. Moudgil, Particulate Systems in Nano- and Biotechnologies, 2008
P. Sharma, A. Singh, S.C. Brown, G.A. Walter, S. Santra, S.R. Grobmyer, E.W. Scott, B.M. Moudgil
Various codon-optimized luciferases with emission wavelengths ranging from green to red are being used for in vivo tracking applications.43–45 Bioluminescence imaging is a promising in vivo imaging technique because there is no background fluorescence and incident light penetration is not an issue; however, nonhomogeneous scattering and the need for a stable luciferase expression limit its applicability. Other OI techniques make use of fluorescent agents such as proteins and dyes. The advent of nanotechnology has also led to new nanoparticle-based platforms such as dye-doped silica, phosphors, and quantum dots. The selection of fluorescent agent for imaging is dependent on issues such as background autofluorescence and light penetration in tissues. These issues are briefly discussed.
Monitoring, Controlling, and Improving Engineered Tissues Nanoscale Technologies and Devices for Tissue Engineering
Published in Šeila Selimovic, Nanopatterning and Nanoscale Devices for Biological Applications, 2017
Irina Pascu, Hayriye Ozcelik, Albana NdreuHalili, Yurong Liu, Nihal Engin Vrana
Bioluminescence imaging is another method that is used for the visualization of cellular functions, such as viability, gene expression, proliferation, differentiation, and so on. It utilizes the emission of native light from a living organism that is bioluminescent [92]. This imaging technique is based on the transfection of the cells to be studied with a bioluminescent reporter (e.g., firefly luciferase, renilla luciferase, or bacterial luciferase), which, upon addition of the required substrate, gives rise to light emission at specific wavelengths. Since, by using this method, the cell-seeded scaffolds do not have to be destroyed, bioluminescence imaging has recently started to be used in tissue engineering applications both in vitro and in vivo [93,94]. In vitro studies are more related to monitoring cells in bioreactor systems. For instance, recently, Liu et al. [95] constructed a 3-D perfusion bioreactor suitable for studying cell cultures and TE constructs (MC3T3-E1 cells transfected with pRL-SV40 reporter gene) [95]. The researchers studied the expression of BMP-2 in chitosan-based scaffolds seeded again with MC3T3-E1 cells, which were transfected with the BMP-2 luciferase reporter, with the aim of constructing a TE bone graft. In an in vivo study on mice for a period of 6 weeks, the expression of the collagen promoter for chondrogenic differentiation was observed by using double bioluminescent labeling (firefly and renila luciferase gene reporters tested on both a bone marrow stromal cell line and human adipose tissue–derived mesenchymal stem cells). The authors reported a good correlation between the bioluminescent images and their previously published in vitro results [96].
A homotopy method for bioluminescence tomography
Published in Inverse Problems in Science and Engineering, 2018
R. F. Gong, X. L. Cheng, W. Han
Related to BLI, the Bioluminescence tomography (BLT), as one of the optical imaging modalities, has attracted much attention over the past several years because of its advantages in sensitivity and specificity. The major issue of BLT is the determination of the distribution of a bioluminescent source. With the introduction of BLT, a bioluminescent source distribution inside a living small animal can be localized and quantified in 3D. Without BLT, bioluminescence imaging is primarily qualitative. With BLT, quantitative and localized analysis of a bioluminescent source distribution becomes feasible in a living subject [25–27]. In BLT, we reconstruct an internal bioluminescent source from the measured bioluminescent signal on the external surface of a small animal. The problem of determining the photon density on the small animal surface from the bioluminescent source distribution within the animal requires accurate representation of photon transport in biological tissue. Generally, the bioluminescent photon propagation in biological tissue can be well described by either the radiative transfer equation (RTE) or Monte Carlo model. However, at present, either model is computationally very challenging to use for most applications for that transmission of the bioluminescent photons through the biological tissue is subject to both scattering and absorption. In practice, approximation by the diffusion equation of RTE is adopted if scattering is dominant over absorption in the process of propagation of light inside a small animal [28].
Block catiomers with flanking hydrolyzable tyrosinate groups enhance in vivo mRNA delivery via π–π stacking-assisted micellar assembly
Published in Science and Technology of Advanced Materials, 2023
Wenqian Yang, Takuya Miyazaki, Yasuhiro Nakagawa, Eger Boonstra, Keita Masuda, Yuki Nakashima, Pengwen Chen, Lucas Mixich, Kevin Barthelmes, Akira Matsumoto, Peng Mi, Satoshi Uchida, Horacio Cabral
Micelle solutions (70 μL) containing 5 μg of firefly luciferase mRNA (Fluc) were administered by intramuscular injection to Balb/c mice (female, 7 weeks-old; Charles River Laboratories Japan, Inc). After 9 h of administration, the mice were intraperitoneally injected with 200 μL 50 mg/mL luciferin solution. The mice were anesthetized with isoflurane via inhalation in a box chamber, and the luciferase expression was evaluated after 15 min using an invivo bioluminescence imaging system (IVIS Spectrum SP-BFM-T1, PerkinElmer, Waltham, MA, U.S.A).