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Factors Affecting Fish Growth and Production
Published in Hillary S. Egna, Claude E. Boyd, Dynamics of POND Aquaculture, 2017
Bioenergetics is the study of the energy budget by which ingested energy is partitioned into energy lost as feces or excretory products and energy used for maintenance, activity and growth or the elaboration of new body tissues. Fish growth can be expressed in terms of energy partitioning as follows: I = M + G + E where I = ingested food energy, M = energy expended for metabolism, G = energy expended for growth and E = energy excreted (Jobling, 1994). Growth may be further partitioned into somatic and gonadal components. Thus, bioenergetics is the physiological framework for the relationship between feeding and growth.
Hydrogen Photoproduction by Oxygenic Photosynthetic Microorganisms
Published in Farshad Darvishi Harzevili, Serge Hiligsmann, Microbial Fuels, 2017
Fabrice Franck, Bart Ghysels, Damien Godaux
Many living organisms use H2 as an energy source or carrier. Hydrogenases are widely spread among the microorganisms’ diversity with numerous representatives in the domain of bacteria and archaea, and are also present in some unicellular eukaryotic organisms. This group of enzymes has been shown to be involved in a large variety of bioenergetic processes leading to ATP generation or redox power dissipation, allowing the growth of host microorganism under various conditions.
Toxic and carcinogenic effects of hexavalent chromium in mammalian cells in vivo and in vitro: a recent update
Published in Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part C, 2022
Shehnaz Islam, Sreejata Kamila, Ansuman Chattopadhyay
The spectrum of cellular effects of Cr (VI) begins with its intracellular metabolism leading to the formation of Cr-DNA adducts, genomic damage and mutagenesis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and alteration of survival signaling pathways.47 International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classified Cr (VI) as a Group 1 carcinogen and is ubiquitous throughout the environment.48,49 In the human body, Cr (VI) enters through drinking water and is absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract. This leads to cellular accumulation of Cr (VI) in various vital organs, thus posing carcinogenic threat.50 In the cellular milieu, mitochondria are one of the vital targets of heavy metal toxicity.51 In addition to their crucial role for bioenergetics, mitochondria have important functions in the regulation of different types of cell death, including apoptosis.52,53 The generation of oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction may account for heavy metal-induced cytotoxicity.54,55 The involvement of mitochondrial electron transport chain dysfunction in Cr (VI)-induced cytotoxicity has been demonstrated in L-02 hepatocytes.56 Cr (VI) also induces crosstalk between apoptosis and autophagy in A549 human lung adenocarcinoma cells through ER stress.57
Polarised fluorescence in FAD excited at 355 and 450 nm in water–propylene glycol solutions
Published in Molecular Physics, 2022
D. M. Beltukova, M. K. Danilova, I. A. Gradusov, V. P. Belik, I. V. Semenova, O. S. Vasyutinskii
The investigation of intracellular processes using time-resolved spectroscopy of endogenous fluorophores is currently one of the mainstreams in biological research. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) are important endogenous fluorophores that play an essential role in cellular respiration and are widely used as fluorescent biomarkers for investigation of metabolic processes in cells and tissues (see, e.g. review papers [1–3] and references therein). FAD is one of the most important cofactors that catalyses a number of one- and two-electron redox reactions as a component of flavoproteins and acts as a photoreceptor pigment. A wide variety of cellular processes utilise FAD: bioenergetics and metabolism, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and defense against oxidative stress, cell differentiation, etc. In particular, disorders in FAD metabolism can lead to deficiencies of corresponding flavoproteins and cause a number of pathologies [4].
Effect of fungal indoor air pollutant 1-octen-3-ol on levels of reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide as well as dehydrogenases activities in drosophila melanogaster males
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A, 2022
Giulianna Echeverria Macedo, Patrícia de Brum Vieira, Nathane Rosa Rodrigues, Karen Kich Gomes, Jéssica Ferreira Rodrigues, Jeferson Luis Franco, Thaís Posser
The use of D. melanogaster as an in vivo model has contributed to the knowledge regarding potential molecular targets of VOC, which may aid in elucidating the mechanisms of action underlying the observed harmful effects in humans. Macedo et al. (2020) demonstrated that exposure to 1-octen-3-ol reduced survival and impaired locomotor functions in D. melanogaster. These effects were attributed to severe damage to the mitochondrial cristae, decreased mitochondrial complex I activity, and bioenergetics rate, possibly contributing to apoptotic pathway activation and cell death (Macedo et al. 2020). This compound also led to dopaminergic neuron injury and increased NO levels in hemocytes and peroxynitrite in D. melanogaster (Inamdar and Bennett 2014; Inamdar et al. 2013). An important finding of our previous study was that male flies were more susceptible than females when considering the LC50 (12.35 μl/L for females versus 5.41 μl/L for males). This fact was further investigated in the present study where males were used rather than females. Gender differences were reported by Casimir et al. (2018) who noted increasing levels inflammatory cytokines in males compared to females. The biotransformation metabolism might also contribute to this difference. Jain (2015) found differential accumulation of VOCs biotransformation metabolites were higher in male compared to female nonsmokers. Evidence thus indicates that susceptibility to exposure to 1-octen-3-ol is gender-dependent with males being more affected.