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Functional Anatomy and Biomechanics
Published in Emeric Arus, Biomechanics of Human Motion, 2017
Action: The anterior fasciculus performs forward projection, internal rotation, and horizontal adduction of the humerus. The middle fasciculus performs exclusive abduction of the humerus. The posterior fasciculus performs extension, lateral rotation, and horizontal abduction of the humerus. The deltoideus innervation is given by axillary nerve (circumflex) (C5, C6).
Stemless total shoulder arthroplasty in elderly patients with primary osteoarthritis of shoulder – a developing country experience
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2021
Vishwajeet Singh, Sanjay S Desai
All the patients were operated in beach chair position once regional block was given followed by Sedation or GA (general anesthesia). The incision starts above the coracoid process and terminates above the insertion of the pectoralis major on the shaft of the humerus. The cephalic vein is mobilized laterally with deltoid muscle, and conjoint tendon is protected. A retractor is placed under CA (coracoacromial ligament) to protect it and provide exposure to superior aspect of subscapularis, and the humerus. Subscapularis is cut at 5 mm from insertion over lesser tuberosity and secured using number 2 fiberwire. Capsular release is done at anterior and inferior levels. The axillary nerve is secured and protected. The humerus is gently dislocated from the glenoid. The arm is held in 90° of external rotation, 20° −30° of extension, and adducted against the operating room table.
MR neurography of the brachial plexus in adult and pediatric age groups: evolution, recent advances, and future directions
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2020
Alexander T. Mazal, Ali Faramarzalian, Jonathan D. Samet, Kevin Gill, Jonathan Cheng, Avneesh Chhabra
Parsonage- turner syndrome (brachial neuritis) is generally seen as an isolated syndrome and rarely, as a familial variant. The patients typically present with shoulder and neck pain followed by weakness. The C5 and C6 nerves, and upper trunk are the most commonly affected nerves with downstream neuropathy change of the suprascapular nerve and/or axillary nerve. T2 hyperintense signal will be observed in affected root, trunk, and cord segments. Diffuse increased T2 signal intensity will also be seen in regional musculature, alongside other muscle denervation changes, such as fatty replacement and atrophy. Uncommonly, one may also detect torsion of the nerve segment(s) leading to a triple B sign or Bull’s eye sign [61,62]. The ulnar nerve is the least commonly affected nerve in brachial neuritis.