China 
Africa 
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Advances in Hip Arthroscopy
Published in K. Mohan Iyer, Hip Joint in Adults: Advances and Developments, 2018
Early surgical intervention in cases of femoroacetabular deformities, before irreversible cartilage injuries occur, can possibly delay the evolution of the hip arthrosis. Conventionally, an open surgical dislocation technique for removal of excessive bone at the head-neck junction was performed and popularised by Ganz. The procedure is now effectively performed arthroscopically by using appropriate hip distraction techniques, portals and instruments. Arthroscopic management comes with the advantages of a smaller incision, shorter recovery time and potentially fewer complications than open surgery. However, many studies have claimed that the open procedures have results similar to those from arthroscopy.
Methods for Evaluating Articular Cartilage Quality
Published in Kyriacos A. Athanasiou, Eric M. Darling, Grayson D. DuRaine, Jerry C. Hu, A. Hari Reddi, Articular Cartilage, 2017
Kyriacos A. Athanasiou, Eric M. Darling, Grayson D. DuRaine, Jerry C. Hu, A. Hari Reddi
Arthroscopy is the most commonly performed orthopedic procedure in the United States (Figure 5.8). It is minimally invasive, although the joint capsule must be compromised. A small (e.g., 5 mm) port is opened in the joint, and optical, surgical, and other instrumentation are introduced through this port. Arthroscopy can be used not only for imaging but also for a variety of surgical procedures, such as meniscus, anterior cruciate ligament, and articular cartilage repair. Cartilage restoration procedures that can be performed arthroscopically include debridement, various marrow stimulation techniques, and the application of scaffolds intended for cartilage repair.
A Knee Arthroscopy Training Tool Using Virtual Reality Techniques
Published in J. Middleton, M. L. Jones, G. N. Pande, Computer Methods in Biomechanics & Biomedical Engineering – 2, 2020
The minimally invasive techniques of endoscopy offer advantages over traditional open surgery. Patient trauma is minimised and the associated improvements in recovery times can lead to shorter stays in hospital, making it attractive to both patients and healthcare providers alike due to reduced patient intervention costs. However, endoscopy requires a different set of skills to those learned for open surgery and leads to additional requirements for surgical training. Arthroscopy is the form of endoscopy concerned particularly with joints.
Path planning for minimally-invasive knee surgery using a hybrid optimization procedure
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2018
Adam Ciszkiewicz, Grzegorz Milewski
The arthroscopy is the key representative in minimally-invasive surgical procedures and often the method of choice in knee surgery. It is less invasive, provides lower failure rates and leads to faster recovery than open surgery. Its common applications include meniscus tear repair and anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. The procedure begins with two incisions on the leg (on the both sides of the knee, below the patella), which is followed by medical trocars mounting. Then, fluid is pumped into the joint so that the tibia and femur are separated and the tool can move freely inside the knee. After this, the tool and optical device is inserted into the joint. The optical device provides feedback for the surgeon (Macmull and Gupte 2015).
Comparison of 3 supraspinatus tendon repair techniques – a 3D computational finite element analysis
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2020
C. Quental, J. Reis, J. Folgado, J. Monteiro, M. Sarmento
Rotator cuff tears are among the most common shoulder disorders. According to Yamaguchi et al. (2006), there is a 50% chance of a person developing a bilateral rotator cuff tear after the age of 66. Of the four muscles comprising the rotator cuff, the tendon of the supraspinatus muscle is the most torn, impacting shoulder elevation and stability (Abrams and Bell 2008; Quental et al. 2016). Depending on the development stage of a tear, conservative treatment is considered the best primary treatment option (Oh et al. 2018). Surgical intervention is usually recommended when the tear is repairable, and the patient responded poorly to conservative treatment. Over the past decades, classical open procedures have been replaced by all-arthroscopy procedures, which produce similar results but with better aesthetics and a smaller risk of infection (Imhoff et al. 2018). The general steps of a surgical intervention include opening holes on the humerus, either by drilling or taping, pulling the tendon back to its place, passing sutures through the tendon and anchoring the sutures to ensure that the tendon insertion remains at its original footprint. Tendon repair can be achieved through different anchor suture techniques, which can be broadly classified into single-row, double-row, and suture-bridge repairs (Cole et al. 2007; Imhoff et al. 2018). Single-row repairs consider anchors placed in a linear fashion, usually 1 to 2 anchors placed laterally, whereas double-row repairs consider a medial row of anchors usually placed at the articular cartilage margin of the anatomic neck and a second, more laterally placed, row of anchors, positioned along the lateral edge of the rotator cuff footprint. Suture-bridge, also known as transosseous equivalent (TOE), repairs are modified double-row techniques in which the medial row is bridged to the lateral row, i.e., sutures from the medial row cross the tendon over to the lateral row (Cole et al. 2007; Lee et al. 2018). Considering that the objective of rotator cuff repair is to restore the normal anatomy and function of the rotator cuff, the ideal repair should have high initial fixation strength, allow minimal gap formation, and maintain mechanical stability until healing is achieved (Smith et al. 2006; Vaishnav and Millet 2010). Double-row and suture-bridge techniques have been reported to provide better biomechanical properties than single-row techniques in cadaveric models (Smith et al. 2006; Abrams and Bell 2008; Dépres-Tremblay et al. 2016). However, and despite the continuous evolution of rotator cuff repair techniques, failure rates remain high, ranging from 20% to 95% of patients (Dépres-Tremblay et al. 2016; Lee et al. 2018).