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The Anatomy of Joints Related to Function
Published in Verna Wright, Eric L. Radin, Mechanics of Human Joints, 2020
In the ankle joint, the proximal bones extend distally to form a deep locating mortise. The inferior tibiofibular joint is a syndesmosis, and with the malleoli it confers lateral stability, preventing lateral shear (Fig. 23B). These samestructures also absorb some of the rotational shear forces, but a more important mechanism for resisting these is provided by the horizontal fibers of the medial and lateral collateral ligaments (Figs. 4B and 23A) (30,119). Among the mammals, ligaments of the talocrural joint show many variations related to locomotor function (120). In particular, the anterior talofibular ligament is present in the human (in whom it is best developed by far) and a few “higher” primates only. The medial collateral ligament—deltoid in the human, with strong horizontal fibers running directly to the talus anteriorly and posteriorly—also differs in the other primates and mammals; in these animals it is formed of two distinct bands of which only the posterior is attached to the talus. The logical conclusion is that these ligaments have evolved in humans in association with the powerful rotatory forces of their unique, striding, bipedal gait.
Designing for Foot and Ankle Anatomy
Published in Karen L. LaBat, Karen S. Ryan, Human Body, 2019
Ligaments are essential components of the foot and ankle, stabilizing the bones at the joints while also allowing motion and flexibility. They are frequently named for the bones where they attach. The ligaments at the ankle are the largest and strongest in the region, but they are also most often injured (Figure 8.5). Acute ligamentous ankle sprains (stretching or tearing of fibers in a ligament) occur in many sports as well as in everyday life (Hootman, Dick, & Agel, 2007). Normal motion at the ankle includes inversion and eversion (Figure 8.6-A and Figure 8.6-B). Inversion ankle sprains tend to happen when the planted foot quickly inverts relative to the leg, although they can also occur when the foot is “searching for ground,” such as when unexpectedly stepping off a curb. The tibia shifts on the talus while the foot turns onto the lateral side (Hamill & Knutzen, 2003). Refer to Figure 8.6-C. The injury most often involves the anterior talofibular ligament, and possibly also the calcaneofibular ligament, and/or the posterior talofibular ligament. The medial, deltoid, ligament is stronger and less likely damaged unless the foot everts very forcefully with the tibia shifting laterally on the talus while the foot turns to the medial side (Figure 8.6-D). The lateral malleolus, the distal end of the fibula, tends to limit the extent of eversion motions. Torn ligaments may heal with scarring, but are never the same after a sprain, so some athletic footwear is designed to try to prevent injury.
Lower extremity injuries
Published in Youlian Hong, Roger Bartlett, Routledge Handbook of Biomechanics and Human Movement Science, 2008
William C. Whiting, Ronald F. Zernicke
Lateral ankle sprains exhibit sequential ligament failure. The anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) fails first because of its orientation at the instant of loading and its inherent weakness (Siegler et al., 1988). When the ankle is plantar flexed (as in ankle-foot supination), the ATFL aligns with the fibula and acts as a collateral ligament (Carr, 2003). This alignment and the ATFL’s structural weakness predispose the ATFL to injury. The calcaneofibular ligament (CFL) typically tears next, followed rarely by failure of the posterior talofibular ligament (PTFL).
Playing surface traction influences movement strategies during a sidestep cutting task in futsal: implications for ankle performance and sprain injury risk
Published in Sports Biomechanics, 2022
Jose M. Frias Bocanegra, Daniel T. P. Fong
Larger ankle internal rotation moments could facilitate rotating the upper body and opposite limb externally (Lee et al., 2000; Mok et al., 2011), suggesting a higher level of pivoting performance during gameplay. Synthetic floorings might be more suitable for sudden changes in the direction as it reported a significantly higher peak ankle internal rotation moment when compared to the natural lower friction surface, which would benefit supination motion. However, previous studies have denoted the important role of internal rotation in the mechanism of ankle supination sprain (Kristianslund et al., 2011; Mok et al., 2011; Wei et al., 2015). These two significant ankle moments were the result of the difference in friction offered by the surfaces, perhaps not strategic but involuntary/unnoticed sliding coping counteractions from the joint (Nigg et al., 2009). Excessive internal rotation in combination with inversion and plantarflexion motion has been demonstrated to raise the anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) strain to over 20% (Wei et al., 2015), being detrimental for the ankle health, as it could vigorously stretch the ligaments fibres and tear them, injuring the joint (Panagiotakis et al., 2017).
Evaluation of the effects of traction on ankle kinematics during a side cut using bfPCA
Published in Footwear Science, 2019
Manuela Paulina Trejo Ramírez, Jonathan Wheat, David James, John Warmenhoven, Nick Hamilton
For the PD-IE, insufficient traction led to increased inversion coupled with plantarflexion changes due to instability during the landing stage of the sidecut. Both angles individually or combined are known to cause anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) and calcaneofibular ligament (CFL) injuries.