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Electrical Brain Stimulation to Treat Neurological Disorders
Published in Bahman Zohuri, Patrick J. McDaniel, Electrical Brain Stimulation for the Treatment of Neurological Disorders, 2019
Bahman Zohuri, Patrick J. McDaniel
Before ECT is administered, a person is sedated with general anesthesia and given a medication called a muscle relaxant to prevent movement during the procedure. An anesthesiologist monitors breathing, heart rate and blood pressure during the entire procedure, which is conducted by a trained medical team, including physicians and nurses. During the procedure: Electrodes are placed at precise locations on the head.Through the electrodes, an electric current pass through the brain, causing a seizure that lasts generally less than one minute. Because the patient is under anesthesia and has taken a muscle relaxant, it is not painful, and the patient cannot feel the electrical impulses.Five to ten minutes after the procedure ends, the patient awakens. He or she may feel groggy at first as the anesthesia wears off. But after about an hour, the patient usually is alert and can resume normal activities.
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Published in Marilyn Sue Bogner, Human Error in Medicine, 2018
An anesthetist is anyone who administers anesthesia. Anesthesiology is a medical specialty, and an anesthesiologist is a physician who has specialized in anesthesiology. In the United States (and in a few other places), there are nurse anesthetists who are registered nurses with several years of training in anesthesia. There is a mandatory certification process for nurse anesthetists, such that they are often known as “Certified Nurse Anesthetists” or CRNAs. They can administer general anesthesia and monitor patients under the supervision of a physician, who may or may not be an anesthesiologist. Fifty percent of anesthetics in the United States are conducted with nurse anesthetists. In this chapter, the term anesthetist refers generically to whoever is the anesthesia provider.
Team Cognition Assessment From Concept to Practice
Published in Bin Wei, Brain and Cognitive Intelligence Control in Robotics, 2022
The surgeon’s responsibility on patient safety is shared by the anesthesiologist in the team (Cooper, 2018). The anesthesiologists start their work for the patient before other surgical team members; they manage the patient’s level of consciousness during the procedure to suppress the pain of the patient. The anesthesiologist has the principal responsibility to save patients’ lives during various critical moments when the vital signs of patients show severe problems during surgery (Cooper and Gaba, 2002).
Operating room scheduling by emphasising human factors and dynamic decision-making styles: a constraint programming method
Published in International Journal of Systems Science: Operations & Logistics, 2023
Shirin Ghasemi, Reza Tavakkoli-Moghaddam, Mahdi Hamid
This research concentrates on the simultaneous scheduling of surgeries and surgical personnel simultaneously in a surgical theater. At the beginning of each day, a list of inpatients ready to undergo surgery in the coming days is presented to the surgery department. When patients are selected for surgery the next day, they must first be assigned to an OR, depending on the type of operation. Importantly, ORs are usually open until the H period and can work overtime for a maximum of O hours. Then a surgical team including a nurse, surgeon, anesthesiologist, and anesthesia technician should be formed to operate. Hence, a qualified and available surgical team must be formed by considering their experience and expertise, compatibility with other members (calculated by their dynamic DMSs), regular shift hours, performance, and efficiency. Subsequently, the personnel should be assigned to the OR, and the sequence of surgeries, as well as their start times, must be determined by considering available resources. Each person in expertise S is only available in the time window. As such, operations must be assigned to them during this time.
Performance Evaluation of ILC Controller for Anesthesia Process
Published in IETE Journal of Research, 2023
K. Poomani, S. Sathiyavathi, M. Gowrishankar
In the past decades, the initial anesthesia drug is given by anesthesiologist by considering patient’s age, gender, height, and weight. The anesthetic agent, i.e. profol is injected into the vein by syringe. The initial dose rate depends on the experience of the anesthesiologist and adjustment has been done based on patient’s fundamental signs such as heart rate, blood pressure, and facial grimacing [17]. Underdosing of anesthesia may lead to awake condition and overdosing leads to cardiovascular disorders. For this, proper infusion of propofol is needed during surgery. It will be a crucial task for anesthesiologist to adjust the propofol infusion rate continuously. This may overburden the anesthesiologist and does not ensure the safety measures of the patient. This problem can be eliminated by using an automatic infusion of propofol with the assistance of a computer, and this method is called as closed-loop control of anesthesia.
Co(II) and Cu(II) coordination polymers: application values on anesthesia during orthopedic surgery by reducing the acetylcholine content
Published in Inorganic and Nano-Metal Chemistry, 2021
Jing-Hong Xu, Wen-Juan Zhu, Jing-Guo Xiang, Xia Xu, Wen-Hai Chen
Because orthopedic surgery patients have a large age range from child to the old. Clinically, the general condition of the young and middle-aged patients with fractures and elective orthopedic surgery is generally good, and their tolerance to anesthesia and surgery is also strong.[1] However, there is a significant increase in the number of elderly patients undergoing orthopedic surgery, who are often accompanied by complications such as cardiovascular and diabetes. Therefore, the individual conditions of surgical patients vary greatly.[2,3] Therefore, in addition to the anesthesia treatment, the anesthesiologist must also make a comprehensive assessment of the patients’ condition before anesthesia to make sure the anesthesia and the operation can be carried out smoothly and safely.