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Proteins and Proteomics
Published in Firdos Alam Khan, Biotechnology Fundamentals, 2020
Among the following diseases, which one is not caused by incorrect protein folding? Creutzfeldt–Jakob diseaseAlzheimer’s diseaseEpilepsyAmyloid cardiomyopathy
Proteins and proteomics
Published in Firdos Alam Khan, Biotechnology Fundamentals, 2018
Among the following diseases, which one is not caused by incorrect protein folding? Creutzfeldt—Jakob diseaseAlzheimer’s diseaseEpilepsyAmyloid cardiomyopathy
Toxicoproteomic assessment of liver responses to acute pyrrolizidine alkaloid intoxication in rats
Published in Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part C, 2018
Yan-Hong Li, William Chi-Shing Tai, Imran Khan, Cheng Lu, Yao Lu, Wing-Yan Wong, Wood-Yee Chan, Wen-Luan Wendy Hsiao, Ge Lin
The functions of the seven commonly altered proteins in both RTS-treated groups seem to be correlated with PA associated symptoms in humans, and thus can be potential candidate biomarkers for PA intoxication. Acta1 is cytoskeleton protein for maintaining an intact cell structure and regulating cell functions and has been found to be involved in hepatic fibrosis and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced hepatotoxicity. Moreover, alteration of cytoskeleton in SECs has been observed to be an important early event in the development of HSOS.49,50 The remarkable elevation of Acta1 caused by a high dose of RTS might be the result of severe damage of the liver tissues including hepatic SECs.51 The Krt8 keratin protein was decreased in the low dose RTS-treated group but elevated in the high dose RTS-treated group. This gene, a member of type II keratin family, typically dimerizes with keratin 18 and plays a role in maintaining cellular structural integrity and also functions in signal transduction and cellular differentiation. In animal models, the absence of heteropolymeric keratins 8 and 18 or the presences of mutant keratins in hepatocytes causes or promotes liver disease. The study also showed that mutations in this gene cause cryptogenic cirrhosis of liver.52,53 The two proteins, Ftcd and Ldha were elevated in both RTS-treated groups. Ftcd is a Golgi protein regulating vimentin intermediate filament cytoskeleton. The presence of high level of these two proteins might reflect the injury of hepatic cells induced by RTS treatment.54 Ftcd is also an enzyme involved in amino acid metabolism and vitamin synthesis. It has been found to be differentially regulated in acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in rats.55 Ttr is primarily expressed in the liver. Under normal condition, Ttr circulates as a homotetramer, but, due to genetic mutation or aging, tetramers can dissociate to monomers that misassemble into amyloid fibrils. The misfolded Ttr is one of the amyloids that causes a family of diseases called amyloid cardiomyopathy with heart failure as the usual cause of death in patients.56 Vcp is the rate limited mitochondrial enzyme, a member of ATPase family, and involved in a wide variety of cellular activities, including modulating inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R) protein level through the proteasome-mediated protein degradation.57 Vcp has been shown to be associated with antiapoptotic function via activation of the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway and also with metastasis of tumors in several studies.58 Pebp1 and its orthologues constitute a large family of proteins conserved throughout evolution and widely expressed in eukaryotic organisms. It plays a central role in modulating cellular proliferation, differentiation, survival, angiogenesis, metastasis, apoptosis, and resistance to apoptosis.59