China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Aerobiology of Pollen and Pollen Antigens
Published in Christopher S. Cox, Christopher M. Wathes, Bioaerosols Handbook, 2020
Allergic reactions to pollen grains are traditionally calledhay fever or pollinosis. Pollen primarily affects the mucous membrane of the upper respiratory tract. Clinically, the most frequent symptoms are allergic rhinitis or conjunctivitis, which is characterized by sneezing, watery eyes, nasal obstruction, itchy eyes and nose and frequently also coughing. Pollen is also known to cause asthmatic reactions that are localized in the lower respiratory tract. Skin reactions (urticaria) may occur, as well as reactions in the gastrointestinal tract, central or peripheral nervous system and the cardiovascular system.89
Bioaerosol-Induced Hypersensitivity Diseases
Published in Harriet A. Burge, Bioaerosols, 2020
Cory E. Cookingham, William R. Solomon
Allergic rhinoconjunctivitis. Allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (also known as allergic rhinitis or, in its seasonal recurrent form, hay fever) is the most commonly encountered atopic condition and is characterized by paroxysmal sneezing, nasal blockage, rhinorrhea (runny nose), ocular tearing, and pruritus (itching) of the eyes, nose, and throat. Occasionally, constitutional symptoms of fatigue and “grippy” feelings may be present, especially where sleep loss or poor sleep quality results from nasal obstruction. However, when these vague complaints occur alone, they are not easily related to allergy. Symptoms may be perennial, seasonal, or associated with defined episodes of specific exposure. Physical signs may include darkening of the lower eyelids (“allergic shiners”), reddening of the eyes, puffy eyelids, and a pale, swollen nasal mucosa. Stained smears of nasal secretions typically reveal eosinophils (a white blood cell that selectively stains with the aniline dye eosin). Eosinophil numbers also may increase modestly in peripheral blood. Immediate skin reactivity to relevant environmental allergens is often positive. Serum IgE specific for these allergens may also be detected by in vitro tests (e.g., RAST, ELISA, etc.). In one study (Broder et al., 1974b) the disease was shown to go into remission in less than 10% of patients followed into adult life if allergen exposure continues unabated.
Biological hazards
Published in Sue Reed, Dino Pisaniello, Geza Benke, Kerrie Burton, Principles of Occupational Health & Hygiene, 2020
Margaret Davidson, Sarah Thornton
Allergic rhinitis, also called ‘hayfever’, is generally associated with a blocked or runny nose, sneezing and sometimes also itchy, sore eyes and throat (Bousquet et al. 2008). It is typically ascribed to pollen or fungal exposure (Douwes, Eduard & Thorne 2008). However, it has also been reported after inhalation of other bioaerosols, including insects and mites, grain dust, latex, α-amylase in flour, biological enzymes, fish and seafood proteins and wood dusts (Greiner et al. 2011). Cases have been reported in corn farming (Sung et al. 2012) and in the flower industry (Wiszniewska et al. 2011).
A comprehensive summary of disease variants implicated in metal allergy
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B, 2022
Allergic rhinitis is an allergic response of the nasal mucosa that occurs in 10–30% of the general population (Pawankar et al. 2013). The disease is characterized by the presence of immediate onset nasal congestion and itching, sneezing, and rhinorrhea following exposure to aeroallergens present in the air (Bousquet et al. 2020). Allergen-specific IgE molecules are responsible for the clinical manifestations of the disease, and similarly, allergic rhinitis often presents concurrently with asthma in many individuals; however, many individuals afflicted with rhinitis do not exhibit concomitant asthmatic responses. Other co-morbidities commonly implicated in cases of allergic rhinitis include allergic conjunctivitis, rhinosinusitis, and atopic dermatitis (Pawankar et al. 2013).
May allergy have a role in primary or recurrent otitis media in Egyptian pediatric patients: a prospective study
Published in Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2021
Mohammed El-Shahat, Asser ElSharkawy, Doaa Shahin, Ghada Barakat, Waleed Moneir
Symptoms of allergic rhinitis were found to affect 64.4% of the studied children. A higher frequency of allergic rhinitis symptoms in OME patients was in Alles et al. [17] study who stated symptoms of AR in 89% of studied group (209 children) but this may be due to larger study group than ours. But these results agree also with Martines et al. [18] who found Symptoms of allergic rhinitis in 60% of OME children. This study disagrees with Cassano et al. [19] and Martines et al. [18] who found that neither OME nor Eustachian tube dysfunction is significantly affected by the allergic reactions. The study results revealed that frequency of bronchial asthma was 32.2% of patients in agreement with Alles et al. [17] and Passali et al. [20] studies who found bronchial asthma in 36% and 37% of OME patients, respectively. Chantzi et al. [15] stated that bronchial asthma was the most straightforward target for a possible intervention, the effectiveness of appropriate asthma medications in prophylaxis, and treatment of OME. As regard food allergy history, it was e positive in 10.2% of studied children and this agrees with Döner et al. [21] who found a higher prevalence of food allergy in OME patients than in controls. Collection of MEE samples was collected by many methods Gomaa et al. [1] and El-Sharnoby et al. [22] obtained effusion fluid samples from patients by using wide bore (5 ml.) syringe in their clinical studies. But Lino et al. [23], Kanazawa et al. [24] and Saliba et al. [25] collected MEE samples using a JuhnTym-Tap middle ear fluid aspirator/collector in their clinical studies.
Rhinitis in Japanese students – associations with window pane condensation, recent indoor painting, wooden home and dog allergen at school
Published in International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 2022
Motoko Takaoka, Kyoko Suzuki, Dan Norbäck
Japan is an industrialized country with a high prevalence of allergic rhinitis (Okubo et al. 2017). There has been an increase in allergic rhinoconjunctivitis in Japanese school children in the past decades (Futamura et al. 2011). In a large national survey performed in 2015, 26.7% of middle school children (13-15y) reported allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (Morikawa et al. 2020). Allergic rhinitis in school children is an important health issue, linked to psychosocial effects, impaired learning and asthma (Blaiss 2004) and reduced quality of life (Cibella et al. 2015).