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Ocular Drug Delivery Systems
Published in Ambikanandan Misra, Aliasgar Shahiwala, In-Vitro and In-Vivo Tools in Drug Delivery Research for Optimum Clinical Outcomes, 2018
Shubhini A. Saraf, Jovita Kanoujia, Samipta Singh, Shailendra K. Saraf
Allergic conjunctivitis is an inflammatory condition affecting the ocular surface and is linked with type 1 hypersensitivity reaction. It can be divided into two categories: intermittent and persistent allergic conjunctivitis. Both the problems are mast cell–mediated.
Self-reported symptoms of ocular allergy and its comorbid factors among residents living near a landfill site in Ghana
Published in International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 2023
Prince Peprah, Michael Agyemang Kwarteng, Kofi Asiedu, Williams Agyemang-Duah, Anthony Kwame Morgan, Akwasi Adjei Gyimah
In Ghana and most parts of SSA, one area that has not received much attention in the environmental-epidemiologic literature is landfilling and ophthalmic conditions. For instance, the prevalence and risk factors associated with the symptoms of ocular allergy have not been explored yet among residents near landfill sites. Meanwhile, landfills in Ghana are major sources of materials, fugitive gas and volatile organic compounds that can act as allergens to instigate symptoms of ocular allergy (Kumah et al. 2015). Ocular allergy also called allergic conjunctivitis represents a group of hypersensitivity conditions where the eyes initiate an abnormal immunological reaction to harmless antigens referred to as allergens perpetuating symptoms such as itching, tearing, burning, foreign-body sensation and ocular dryness (Marback et al. 2007; Ackerman et al. 2016; Kyei et al. 2016; Rathi and Murthy 2017; Bielory et al. 2020; Dupuis et al. 2020). These symptoms of ocular allergy manifest at any age with young adults and children being commonly affected (Bielory et al. 2020; Dupuis et al. 2020).
Traffic-related particulate matter aggravates ocular allergic inflammation by mediating dendritic cell maturation
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A, 2021
Moonwon Hwang, Sehyun Han, Jeong-Won Seo, Ki-Joon Jeon, Hyun Soo Lee
Allergic diseases are an important public health threat and a major cause of illnesses affecting all age groups globally. Unfortunately, the incidence of allergic diseases are increasing and constitute a significant economic burden to the general public (Huang et al. 2015). Allergic conjunctivitis is one of the major ocular diseases, which damages the ocular surface and produces symptoms such as redness and itching. In addition, allergic conjunctivitis affects up to 40% of the population of the United States (Azari and Barney 2013). The incidence and severity of allergic conjunctivitis are related to exposure to air pollutants. In an epidemiological study Navarro et al. (2009) demonstrated that allergens frequently involved in allergic rhinoconjunctivitis were pollens (51%), followed by dust mites (42%). Riediker et al. (2001) found that the rhinoconjunctival tissue is sensitive to allergens during an allergic reaction and allergic rhinoconjunctivitis might be exacerbated by high levels of air pollutants. Chang et al. (2012) reported that air pollutants, such as NO2, SO2, O3, and fine PM increased the number of outpatients who complained regarding nonspecific conjunctivitis. Ko et al. (2016) noted the correlation between the severity of acute conjunctivitis and the presence of Asian dust particles on the ocular surface. Specifically, Ko et al. (2016) reported that significantly higher symptom scores such as itching sense were observed in patients with greater silica/aluminum (Si/Al) levels. Miyazaki et al. (2019) showed that the elevated prevalence of severe allergic conjunctivitis, including atopic keratoconjunctivitis and vernal keratoconjunctivitis, was significantly linked to air pollutant levels.