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Bioreactors
Published in Shintaro Furusaki, John Garside, L.S. Fan, The Expanding World of Chemical Engineering, 2019
Another type of culturing plant cells is the hairy root culture. Hairy root is formed when cells are infected by Agrobacterium rhizogenes. Ri plasmid from this bacterium is introduced to the chromosome of the plant cell, from which hairy roots come out. The root grows very fast and produces secondary metabolites. However, the growth is observed in a quite unorganized way. Thus, control for the uniform distribution of hairy root in the bioreactor is a salient problem for stable operation. Several new types of the reactor for hairy roots are now being investigated.
Establishment and elicitation of transgenic root culture of Plantago lanceolata and evaluation of its anti-bacterial and cytotoxicity activity
Published in Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology, 2021
Samaneh Rahamouz-Haghighi, Khadijeh Bagheri, Ali Sharafi, Hossein Danafar
One of the plant diseases is hairy root (HR) which is caused by Agrobacterium rhizogenes.[1] HR occurs when root loci (rol) genes harbored by the root inducing plasmid (Ri) of A. rhizogenes integrate into the nuclear genome of the infected plant cells. It is believed that numerous factors impact the frequency of A. rhizogenes mediated transformation in host plants like bacterial strains, Acetosyringone as well as salt concentration in co-cultivation media.[2] The high growth rate of transformed root cultures is very attractive for the industrial production of secondary metabolites.[3] In a study, Sudha et al. mentioned that the effects of endogenous hormones and bacterial strains reacted to the rol gene products might lead to tumors.[4] The T-DNA regions, chromosomal virulence (chv) and virulence (vir) genes, are essential for DNA transference from bacteria to the host plant cells. The rol A, B, C and D genes are supported by TL-DNA that separates the Ri-plasmid of A. rhizogenes from the Ti-plasmid in A. tumefaciens.[5,6] The rolB induced HR and plays a key role in the secretion of active auxin performed by indoxyl-β-oxidase activity.[7] On the other hand, rolA, rolC, rolD, and other open reading frames act together in order to promote root induction.[8]
Flavonoid content and antioxidant activity of Artemisia vulgaris L. “hairy” roots
Published in Preparative Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 2019
Nadiia Matvieieva, Kateryna Drobot, Volodymyr Duplij, Yakiv Ratushniak, Anatolij Shakhovsky, Tetiana Kyrpa-Nesmiian, Saulius Mickevičius, Jan Brindza
Thus, it must be noted that transformation has led to changes in biosynthetic activity in A. vulgaris plant cells and in the increase or decrease of flavonoids content and antioxidant activity in transgenic roots. These changes may be a result of transfer of Agrobacterium rhizogenes rol genes to plant genome. The results indicate that Agrobacterium rhizogenes – mediated transformation may be the tool for improving native peculiarities of A. vulgaris and may be used for obtaining of “hairy” root cultures of medicinal plants, which produce compounds with antioxidant properties. Some “hairy” root lines studied in this work can be used for the production of biologically active compounds used in medicine and cosmetology as antioxidants and antiradical compounds.
Comparative analysis of glucosinolate production in hairy roots of green and red kale (Brassica oleracea var. acephala)
Published in Preparative Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 2019
Do Manh Cuong, Sang Un Park, Chang Ha Park, Nam Su Kim, Sun Ju Bong, Sook Young Lee
Plant transformation technology is widely used for studying gene functions and improving plant cultivars.[1] Various methodologies have been developed in plants to increase transformation efficiency and achieve stable transgene expression.[2] The transgenic hairy root system uses Agrobacterium rhizogenes along with the Ri plasmid for introducing foreign genes into plant cells.[3] Moreover, hairy root cultures represent a promising technology for using plants to produce valuable secondary metabolites that are used as pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and food additives.[4–7]