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Machine Learning-based Biological Ageing Estimation Technologies: A Survey
Published in Richard Jiang, Li Zhang, Hua-Liang Wei, Danny Crookes, Paul Chazot, Recent Advances in AI-enabled Automated Medical Diagnosis, 2022
Zhaonian Zhang, Richard Jiang, Danny Crookes, Paul Chazot
Brain Age (BrA) is also a very important kind of BA. The aging brain functions decline and neurodegenerative diseases bring increasingly serious economic, old-age, medical, and other social problems to our society. Therefore, it is an important task for researchers to accurately and quickly predict the BrA of subjects. Although brain aging is a natural process, there are significant individual differences in changes in brain volume, cortical thickness and white matter microstructure during this process. In addition, the deviation degree between the individual brain aging trajectory and the average trajectory of healthy brain aging can reflect the individual’s future risk of neurodegenerative diseases [7, 15]. Therefore, building models based on the characteristic patterns of brain aging contained in neuroimaging data and detecting the aging trajectories of individual brains can provide a new perspective for studying individual differences in brain aging.
Microbiome Reshaping and Epigenetic Regulation
Published in Nwadiuto (Diuto) Esiobu, James Chukwuma Ogbonna, Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, Olawole O. Obembe, Ifeoma Maureen Ezeonu, Abdulrazak B. Ibrahim, Benjamin Ewa Ubi, Microbiomes and Emerging Applications, 2022
Olugbenga Samuel Michael, Olufemi Idowu Oluranti, Ayomide Michael Oshinjo, Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, Kehinde Samuel Olaniyi, Juliana Bunmi Adetunji
Gut microbiota and its metabolic products have capability to penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB), as such; they have consequences on some neurodegenerative disorders associated with impaired/leaky BBB (Braniste et al., 2014). Furthermore, stress has serious influence on the gut microbiome (Moloney et al., 2014) which may be detrimental to aging brain. Therefore, aging and stress influence the gut microbiome to initiate pro-inflammation and impaired gut barrier function (Kelly et al., 2015). Similarly, stress can also have harmful effects on integrity of the BBB especially the aging brain (Montagne et al., 2015; Esposito et al., 2002). Therefore, impaired microbiome homeostasis and BBB integrity have both been linked to the progression of neurodegenerative tendencies in the brain. Indeed, detailed elucidation of the mechanistic processes associated with the microbiome-brain interactions especially in the pathobiology of neurodegeneration is noteworthy.
Nanomedicine for the Treatment of Neurological Disorders
Published in Sarwar Beg, Mahfoozur Rahman, Md. Abul Barkat, Farhan J. Ahmad, Nanomedicine for the Treatment of Disease, 2019
Alzheimer’s is disease of aging brain which can be identified by the accumulation of amyloid-β plaques and neurofibrillary tangles of hyper-phosphorylated tau protein in the brain. AD people also show low level of acetylcholine and less activity of P-glycoprotein in their brain (Hartz et al., 2016; Nalivaeva et al., 2016). Although, AD has been studied for over a century now, still approved anti-AD therapeutics is unable to inhibit neurodegenerative process and, multifactorial pathogenesis of AD and limitation of drug transport due to brain barrier make it more difficult. Therefore, use of nanoparticle-based AD therapeutics has been increased from last few years.
Potential benefits of dietary nitrate ingestion in healthy and clinical populations: A brief review
Published in European Journal of Sport Science, 2019
Sinead T. J. McDonagh, Lee J. Wylie, Christopher Thompson, Anni Vanhatalo, Andrew M. Jones
It is well established that aging is associated with changes in brain size, vasculature and cognition. Specifically, the aging brain is susceptible to a reduction in size, a decrease in cerebral blood flow and oxidative metabolism, and the development of chronic ischemia in white matter (Presley et al., 2011), all of which can contribute to a decline in cognitive function. A major risk factor for the onset of cerebral hypoperfusion is a disturbance in neurovascular function, which can be attributed, in part, to an attenuation in NO activity (De la Torre & Stefano, 2000). The promotion of NO production through, for example, ingestion of NO3−-rich foods, therefore has the potential to offset declines in cognitive function through improved cerebrovascular blood flow.