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Occupational Dermatosis and Eye Hazard
Published in Ronald Scott, of Industrial Hygiene, 2018
Acne, or skin eruptions, result when follicles are blocked so as to prevent the discharge of skin oils. The trapped sebum produces swelling and irritation. A number of working conditions stimulate this condition, particularly in individuals already prone to this problem.
Household and Personal Care Products: Cleaning up and Looking Good
Published in Richard J. Sundberg, The Chemical Century, 2017
Acne is a common skin problem caused by several factors. There is hyperkeratinization and obstruction of sebaceous gland follicles, followed by infection with the organism Propionibacterium acnes. This results in inflammation and can lead to scarring. The skin eruptions are called comedones. The sebaceous glands are under hormonal control and acne is especially common in adolescents. Mild case of acne can be treated with topical retinoids, benzoyl peroxide, azelaic acid, or topical antibiotics. Systemic courses of antibiotics are also used. Hormonal treatments that have estrogenic and antiandrogenic effects (similar to birth control pills—see Section 15.3.3) are sometimes effective for females. The most effective treatment for severe acne is the cis isomer of retinoic acid, called isotretinoin, but it is a potent teratogen and strict regulation is required for its prescription. The brand name product Accutane, approved by the FDA in 1982, was the largest selling drug of the Swiss drug company Roche for a time. Generic versions have been available since 2001. Because of the powerful teratogenicity of the drug, special controls have been put in place for its prescription. During the 1980s, package warnings and letters to physicians were used to alert patients. Nevertheless, it is estimated that there were 4 instances of pregnancy for every 1000 prescriptions, which were running at 200,000 per year. With the availability of the drug in generic form, the FDA and manufactures agreed to establish an internet-based registry system whereby distributers, pharmacies, physicians, and patients are registered. Only those properly registered can distribute, prescribe, dispense, and receive the drug. Monthly confirmation of a pregnancy test and follow-up of any instance of pregnancy are required. This represents the most thorough implementation of a system for control of a potentially harmful drug yet tried.21 In the EU, there are similar mandatory pregnancy tests before and during treatment, with immediate discontinuence in the case of pregnancy.22 In the public media, isotretinoin (as Accutane) has been associated with adolescent depression and suicide. The possible association is complicated by the fact that acne itself can cause social and psychological problems that may lead to depression. The scientific information that is available is contradictory and inconclusive.23 Some ocular side-effects have also been documented for isotretinoin, most commonly blurred vision, keratitis and opacity, eye dryness, and reduced night vision.24
Fit evaluation of NIOSH approved N95 filtering facepiece respirators with various skin protectants: A pilot study
Published in Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, 2023
Michael S. Bergman, Sergey A. Grinshpun, Michael V. Yermakov, Ziqing Zhuang, Brooke E. Vollmer, Katherine N. Yoon
Based on a systematic review and meta-analysis performed in 2020 relevant to the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on HCP, the estimated overall prevalence of HCP developing an adverse skin condition with extended PPE use was 78%, ranging from 42.8–95.1% among the captured studies (Galanis et al. 2021). From an online questionnaire distributed to nursing staff in 2021 related to occupational PPE use, it was found that 18% of nurses reported having a preexisting skin condition, and 59% stated that wearing PPE for extended periods during the pandemic worsened these conditions (Westermann et al. 2022). HCP who wore N95s for six hours or more were found to be at a higher risk for developing some form of skin condition associated with device-induced pressure or friction, including discomfort, skin dryness and tightness, forms of contact dermatitis, superficial wounds or cuts, and the development of acne or worsening of preexisting acne (Kelechi et al. 2020; Lan et al. 2020; Singh et al. 2020; Bui et al. 2021; Yıldız et al. 2021).
Fermentative production of rhamnolipid and purification by adsorption chromatography
Published in Preparative Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 2018
Jagurti Jadhav, Sruba Dutta, Sandeep Kale, Amit Pratap
According to the results of this study, rhamnolipid has antimicrobial efficacy against Gram-positive bacteria. It has been reported that the antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria was more potent than Gram-negative bacteria. It was supposed that the mechanism of antimicrobial action of rhamnolipid biosurfactant regards to the fact that biosurfactants may disturb membrane structure through interaction with phospholipids as well as membrane proteins.[36] Owing to their intrinsic properties, surface-active compounds interfere with cell surfaces and disrupt microbial membranes. Rhamnolipids had shown positive inhibitory effects against P. acnes, which is a slow growing aerotolerant Gram-positive bacterium, primarily known to cause the skin condition acne. This finding opens up possibilities for application of rhamnolipids as an active ingredient in cosmetics and skin formulations.[37]
Study and implementation of automated system for detection of PCOS from ultrasound scan images using artificial intelligence
Published in The Imaging Science Journal, 2023
M. Sumathi, P. Chitra, S. Sheela, C. Ishwarya
Additionally, the prevalence rises with age, from 6.7% in the third decade to 43.5% in the seventh one [16,17]. It is one of the most well-known hormonal disorders that affect women and cause a number of ovarian alterations. The ovary contains a large number of small, liquid-filled sacs. These sacs include a few cysts and clusters that resemble follicles of the size of pearls. It is evident that approximately 1 in 10 women of childbearing age has PCOS. It combines several dissimilar symptoms. Hormonal deregulation, ovarian cysts, irregular periods, hormonal acne on the face, insulin resistance, infertility, excessive body and facial hair, and hair loss are other signs of PCOS. This makes it challenging for pregnant women because it may result in incredibly difficult circumstances or possibly a failure of ovulating frequency. It results in a significant hormonal imbalance that could lead to an accumulation of follicles or cysts developing in the affected woman's ovary. High levels of androgen are released as a result of this circumstance, which can also have major consequences for irregular periods, excessive hair growth, weight gain, noticeable head hair loss, acne, and other things. These individuals also run the major danger of developing type 2 diabetes, heart disease, high blood pressure, and sleep apnoea. Ovarian cysts are not the only or the most discriminating factor in a thorough PCOS diagnosis, according to medical experts. Oestrogen, progesterone, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone alerting levels are further clinical and metabolic markers that demonstrate the effects of ovulation failure (LH). Most clinical and radiological testing is generally carried out by doctors and specialists to identify PCOS.