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Development and Application of Phase Change Materials in the Biomedical Industry
Published in Atul Sharma, Amritanshu Shukla, Renu Singh, Low Carbon Energy Supply Technologies and Systems, 2020
Abhishek Anand, Amritanshu Shukla, Atul Sharma
RBCs are the most obvious type of cell found in the blood. Each cubic millimeter (mm3) of blood has about 4–6 million RBCs. It has a diameter of about 6 µm. In humans and particularly in mammals, the RBC is devoid of a nucleus. The lacking nucleus provides more space to store hemoglobin, which is an oxygen-binding protein. This increases the oxygen-carrying capacity. The biconcave shape of the RBC also provides ample surface area for oxygen dissemination. RBCs give the blood its distinct color. RBCs are used to treat anemia in which blood looks pale and the person easily gets fatigued and short of breath. RBCs are stored at a temperature around + 4°C ± 2°C. Alternatively, when the RBCs are prepared from whole blood cells, it can be stored at + 22oC ± 2oC for a maximum period of 22 hours. This will ensure the production of sufficient platelet concentrates. RBCs have a shelf life of about 45 days, depending on the preservative and the external condition. The shelf life attained can be 21 days for acid citrate dextrose, 28 days for citrate phosphate dextrose (CPD), 35 days for CPD added with adenine, that is, CPDA-1, and 42 days for CPD replaced with a suitable additive solution.
Fabrication of thrombin loaded TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofiber-gelatin sponges and their hemostatic behavior in rat liver hemorrhage model
Published in Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2022
Md Sowaib Ibne Mahbub, Tamanna Sultana, Jae-Gyoung Gwon, Byong-Taek Lee
In vitro hemolysis assay is used widely to determine the hemocompatibility of biomaterials [21]. A 5 ml blood was collected from Sprague-Dawley rats (R. norvegicus) (200–250 g each) and kept in a tube containing Acid Citrate Dextrose (ACD) solution. The ACD whole-blood was first centrifuged in 3000 rpm to separate the blood cells from plasma. After removing the plasma from supernatant, cells were being washed 2 times with PBS and centrifuged again. From the sediment of erythrocyte, 2% erythrocyte suspension was prepared. The hemolysis study was performed on sponge extract (TOCN, TOCN-Th, TOCN 2.5G, TOCN 2.5G-Th). The PBS (25 ml) was added into test tubes containing 15 mg sponge samples with incubation at 37 °C for 72 h. Then 10 ml sample extract was mixed with 0.2 ml erythrocyte suspension. Meanwhile, erythrocyte suspension was also mixed with 0.1% Triton-X100 and PBS as positive (10 ml 0.1% Triton-X100 + 0.2 ml 2% erythrocyte suspension) and negative (10 ml PBS + 0.2 ml 2% erythrocyte suspension) control, respectively, with incubation of 3 h at 37 °C.
Mock circulatory test rigs for the in vitro testing of artificial cardiovascular organs
Published in Journal of Medical Engineering & Technology, 2019
Takiura et al. [55] constructed a simple steady flow test rig for the haemolysis test in a centrifugal blood pump. In the test rig, 1/2 and 3/8 inch (12.5 mm and 9.5 mm) tubing were used to connect the two ports of the tested pump to a reservoir. The reservoir and the tubing were made of polyvinylchloride. A resistance was installed in the output channel from the pump to control the flow rate in the loop. Two pressure transducers were installed near the two ports of the pump for pressure measurement, and a flow transducer near the reservoir in the inflow channel to the pump. Fresh goat blood was used as test fluid, and acid citrate dextrose A solution was added to the fluid as an anticoagulant. The pump was driven at a flow rate of against to load for The blood was sampled every for measurement of plasma free haemoglobin and haematocrit. Then the normalised index of haemolysis values was evaluated.
Measurement of yield and quality of DNA in human buffy coat is extraction method dependent
Published in Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology, 2023
T. Díaz, J. Ortega-Pinazo, B. Martínez, A. Jiménez, J. M. Gómez-Zumaquero, Z. Caracuel, M. L. Hortas, P. Ferro
Blood samples were obtained from 20 subjects provided by the Andalusian Public Health System Biobank (BBSSPA) located at the Regional University Hospital of Málaga (HRUM). Samples were withdrawn from the antecubital vein, and for each volunteer 4–3.5 mL acid-citrate-dextrose–containing BD Vacutainer ACD Solution A Blood Collection Tubes (Becton Dickinson & Company, Franklin Lakes, New Jersey) were collected.