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Bladder Tissue Engineering
Published in Gilson Khang, Handbook of Intelligent Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, 2017
Several investigators have used bladder acellular matrix derived from autologous tissue or from other species, including dog,25 pig,26 rabbit,27 and rat,28 for bladder reconstruction. In this approach cells are removed mechanically and by chemical methods, leaving the structural matrix (mainly composed of collagen) intact. The benefit of this type of acellular material is the preservation of functional and structural proteins in the extracellular matrix, possibly improving cell migration, differentiation, and proliferation.29 Several acellular matrices have been tested, including skin,30 stomach mucosa,31 and small intestine,32 for bladder tissue engineering.
Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine
Published in Ronald L. Fournier, Basic Transport Phenomena in Biomedical Engineering, 2017
Most of the efforts in tissue engineering is now focusing on the use of polymeric support structures or scaffolds for guiding the growth and organization of the transplanted cells into the desired 3D shape (Cima et al., 1991a,b; Goldstein et al., 1999; Oerther et al., 1999; Petersen et al., 2002; Leach et al., 2003; Radisic et al., 2003; Palsson and Bhatia, 2004; Pratt et al., 2004; van Blitterswijk, 2008). These scaffolds can be made from synthetic or naturally occurring polymeric materials. Tissues and even whole organs can also be treated with special chemicals and made acellular leaving behind a natural scaffold for the seeding of new cells (Price et al., 2015).
Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Dental Tissues
Published in Vincenzo Guarino, Marco Antonio Alvarez-Pérez, Current Advances in Oral and Craniofacial Tissue Engineering, 2020
Febe Carolina Vázquez Vázquez, Jael Adrián Vergara-Lope Núñez, Juan José Montesinos, Patricia González-Alva
Soon regenerative medicine will be at the core of modern health care; therefore, integration of the discovery, development and delivery of cell-based, acellular and/or biomaterial applications constitute a growing challenge for researchers. These challenges should also consider the ethical implications of new therapies, which includes a consideration of global guidelines, as well as local legislation.
3D printing technology and applied materials in eardrum regeneration
Published in Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2023
Haolei Hu, Jianwei Chen, Shuo Li, Tao Xu, Yi Li
Though there are a variety of repair materials to choose from, such as hyaluronic acid, collagen, silk fibroin, chitosan, or artificial materials, these materials tend to provide only mechanical support; they lack angiogenetic and cell proliferation effects or adequate secretion of growth factors. A lack of extracellular matrix leads to weak cell adhesion to new membranes. A latest research on tissue engineering for TM repair proposed three methods [24]. The first method is to construct an artificial TM containing scaffold structure, seed cells, and growth factors. The second, is the application of scaffold materials placed in the perforation site, and the local use of growth factors. The third is repair of perforated eardrums with a scaffold impregnated with growth factors. The study of tissue engineering methods for TM regeneration is gradually emerging, and some scholars have used exogenous biomolecular scaffolds to repair TM perforation and tissue engineering strategies for TM regeneration. Generally speaking, TM repair materials are composed of scaffolds, cells, and growth factors [25]. Therefore, the effect of repairing tympanum using scaffold alone is inferior to that of repairing tympanum using scaffold combined with bioactive substance, and the selection of suitable scaffold material combined with bioactive substance has become a research hotspot in recent years. At present, the scaffold materials mainly include acellular tissue and polymer. Acellular tissue is obtained after the cells are completely removed from the graft or xenograft. It retains the basic tissue structure and biochemical components of the natural tissue and does not respond to the specific cellular immune response caused by allograft or induce non-specific foreign body reaction; after transplantation, it can be used as a good scaffold for epithelial cells, fibroblast migration, and neovascularization, with good biological and structural compatibility. Lee JM [26] and Min J [27] compared the effects of human acellular dermis and perichondrium as grafts on tympanoplasty and showed that human acellular dermis could effectively replace perichondrium. There was no significant difference in the success rate of transplantation between the two, and the results of postoperative hearing detection, and the former could significantly shorten the operation time. However, since acellular tissue needs to be extracted from cadavers or other species, medical ethics and biosafety issues involved in this process may limit its application [28]. Polymers have many advantages over the scaffolds described above; their shape, size, and porosity can be changed upon request. At present, the main polymers studied include gelatin sponge [29], latex lysine polymer, silk fibroin, chitosan, calcium alginate, and hyaluronic acid.