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Terpenoids Against Infectious Diseases
Published in Dijendra Nath Roy, Terpenoids Against Human Diseases, 2019
Sanhita Ghosh, Kamalika Roy, Chiranjib Pal
Natural bicyclic monoterpenoids such as (±)-camphor (Table 8.1) have been chosen as promising starting materials for synthesizing new antiviral compounds. The 1-norbornylamines (Table 8.1) have been shown to exhibit satisfactory inhibitory effects against IAV, whereas its effects against the African swine fever virus were comparatively moderate (Martinez et al. 1995). Coumarins substituted with camphanic acid (Table 8.1), a novel class of compounds could be used as effective antiviral agents against both the wild-type and drug-resistant Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV-1) strains. The 3′ and 4′ camphanoyl groups were found to be critical in maintaining the high potency of this class of antivirals (Salakhutdinov et al. 2017; Xie et al. 2001).
Exopolysaccharides from Marine Microalgae
Published in Se-Kwon Kim, Marine Biochemistry, 2023
Azita Navvabi, Ahmad Homaei, Nazila Navvabi, Philippe Michaud
Some green microalgae, such as the Chlorella autotrophica, Tetraselmis tetrathele, Tetraselmis suecica, Chlorella stigmatophora, Dunaliella tertiolecta, and Dunaliella salina, are capable of inhibiting viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) and African swine fever virus (ASFV) (Fabregas et al. 1999). In addition, several microalgae from different taxonomic groups such as the diatom Navicula directa and Naviculan with antiviral activity characteristic are able to synthetize sulfated exopolysaccharides (Lee et al. 2006).
New Trends in Biosensors for Food and Water Safety Monitoring
Published in Sibel A. Ozkan, Bengi Uslu, Mustafa Kemal Sezgintürk, Biosensors, 2023
Maroua Hamami, Sondes Ben Aissa, Noureddine Raouafi
Viruses such as nodavirus (23), African swine fever virus (24), sheeppox virus (24), avian virus (24) or bluetongue virus (25) infect respectively fish, pigs, sheep, birds and cattle, they have high mortality rates, and it is important de detect them at early stages of the infection in order to mitigate the epidemics.
Environmental sampling for disease surveillance: Recent advances and recommendations for best practice
Published in Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 2023
Joshua L. Santarpia, Elizabeth Klug, Ashley Ravnholdt, Sean M. Kinahan
Another area that has received attention is monitoring the natural environment for infectious disease. The World Organization for Animal Health recommends sampling for infectious diseases among animal populations to prevent the spread of diseases such as avian influenza (The World Organisation for Animal Health 2022). Zoonosis is a major source of epidemics and pandemics worldwide. Diseases such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), filoviruses, coronaviruses and even influenza epidemics all have zoonotic origins (Brockwell-Staats, Webster, and Webby 2009; Chitnis, Rawls, and Moore 2000; Cunha and Opal 2014; Saéz et al. 2015). Besides zoonosis, the spread of diseases among animal populations, like highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) (Blachere et al. 2018; Machalaba et al. 2015), foot and mouth disease virus (FMV) (Jamal and Belsham 2013) and African swine fever virus (ASFV) (Galindo and Alonso 2017) can cause significant risk to domestic animals and livestock. ASFV, in particular, affects the economies of swine production around the world, especially in south-east Asia. To date, there is no efficacious vaccine or treatment available. Culling infected animals and consistent surveillance/monitoring are necessary to avoid further ASFV outbreaks. ASFV can be spread via direct contact, consumption of contaminated food, and fomite transmission. Gebhardt et al. describe swab sampling locations where ASFV could naturally be found in the environment (feed mill environment, feed ingredients, feed delivery trucks). Results indicated feed delivery trucks and worker clothing were positive for ASFV contamination. Following this information, procedures were changed to include the decontamination of feed delivery trucks and for workers to change clothing upon arrival at the mill (Gebhardt et al. 2021)
Double-quantitative decision rough set over two universes and application to African swine fever decision-making
Published in Journal of Experimental & Theoretical Artificial Intelligence, 2021
Xiaoyuan Hu, Bingzhen Sun, Ting Wang, Chao Jiang
The emergence of ASF epidemic has posed a serious threat to pig production and affected the healthy and stable development of pig industry. The top priority is to monitor the epidemic, control the epidemic in time and curb the spread of African swine fever. ASF is an acute, haemorrhagic, highly contagious disease caused by African Swine fever virus () infection of domestic pigs and various wild boars (such as African wild boars, European wild boars, etc.). The World Organisation for Animal Health () lists it as a notifiable animal epidemic, which requires urgent prevention, control and culling measures. The morbidity and mortality can reach 100%. There is no effective vaccine or treatment for , so culling and harmless treatment are necessary if found. The People’s Republic of China has more than half of the world’s pig population, with thousands of backyard and large-scale farms operating in the northern, central and southern regions, and currently produces about half of the world’s pork and is the top consumer of the meat, Swine Health Information Centre (SHIC) reports. If this virus is already in other herds, the challenge to contain the disease in this region will be daunting. Nowadays, the situation of prevention and control is still severe and complex. Therefore, it is necessary to fully understand the difficulty of preventing and controlling African swine fever, and establish a scientific decision-making mechanism and management strategy to deal with ASF scientifically and efficiently. It is necessary to strengthen prevention and control measures, block the spread of the epidemic, and promote industrial transformation and upgrading.