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Hybrid Power for Mobile Systems
Published in Yatish T. Shah, Hybrid Power, 2021
Depending on the architectural configuration of the motors, generators, and engines, hybrid designs fall into four classes—series, parallel, mixed series/parallel, and full hybrid. The third design is commonly known as power split architecture. Schematics of these architectures are shown in Figures 3.7, 3.83.9, and 3.10, respectively. Within each class there are variations of implementation. Broadly defined, the series hybrid uses the internal combustion engine for the sole purpose of driving a generator to charge the battery and/or powering an electric drive motor. The electric motor provides all the tractive force. Energy flows from the IC engine through the generator and battery to the motor. In the parallel and mixed series/parallel designs, the IC engine not only charges the battery but is also mechanically connected to the wheels and, along with the electric motor, provides tractive power. Full hybrids combine all of these features. Series Hybrid
Hybrid Electric Vehicles
Published in Mehrdad Ehsani, Yimin Gao, Stefano Longo, Kambiz M. Ebrahimi, Modern Electric, Hybrid Electric, and Fuel Cell Vehicles, 2018
Mehrdad Ehsani, Yimin Gao, Stefano Longo, Kambiz M. Ebrahimi
A series hybrid drivetrain is one in which two electric power sources feed a single electrical power plant (electric motor) that propels the vehicle. The configuration that is most often used is the one shown in Figure 6.4. The unidirectional energy source is a fuel tank, and the unidirectional energy converter (power plant) is an IC engine coupled to an electric generator. The output of the electric generator is connected to a power DC bus through a controllable electronic converter (rectifier). The bidirectional energy source is a battery pack connected to the power DC bus by means of a controllable, bidirectional power electronic converter (DC/DC converter). The power bus is also connected to the controller of the electric motor. The traction motor can be controlled as either a motor or a generator and in forward or reverse motion. This drivetrain may need a battery charger to charge the batteries by wall plug-in from a power grid. The series hybrid drivetrain originally came from an EV on which an additional engine–generator was added to extend the operating range that is limited by the poor energy density of the batteries.
Power Electronics and Control for Hybrid and Fuel Cell Vehicles
Published in Ali Emadi, Handbook of Automotive Power Electronics and Motor Drives, 2017
The series hybrid vehicle provides more possibilities for the development of low fuel consumption and low emission vehicles but it needs higher power and more efficient motors, an additional generator, a smaller IC engine, and a battery with a high power rating. Adding the cost of all these items could result in an expensive vehicle. The parallel hybrid can offer the lowest cost and the option of using existing manufacturing capability for engines, batteries, and motors. But the parallel vehicle needs complex control systems. Series hybrid vehicles offer lower fuel consumption in the city driving cycle, and parallel hybrid vehicles have lower fuel consumption in the highway driving cycle. There are various configurations of the parallel hybrid vehicles depending on the role of the electric motor/generator and the engine. Hence, hybrid vehicles are also classified as mild hybrids, power hybrids, and energy hybrids depending on the role played by the engine and the electric motor, and the mission that the system is designed to achieve.
Electric Vehicle Advancements, Barriers, and Potential: A Comprehensive Review
Published in Electric Power Components and Systems, 2023
Alperen Mustafa Çolak, Erdal Irmak
Actually, there are three main types of HEVs [67,68]: series, parallel, and series-parallel as illustrated in Figure 3. In a series hybrid, the electric motor powers the vehicle, and the combustion engine is used to recharge the battery [1,66]. In a parallel hybrid, both the combustion engine and electric motor are used to power the vehicle, with the electric motor providing assistance during acceleration and low-speed driving. In a series-parallel hybrid, the vehicle can operate in both series and parallel modes, which provides greater flexibility and efficiency in different driving situations [65,69,70]. For example, during acceleration and high-speed driving, the engine and electric motor work together to provide more power, while during low-speed driving, only the electric motor is used to save fuel and reduce emissions.
Performance analysis of a hybrid lightweight vehicle with downsized engine
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2020
Yasin Karagöz, Özgün Balcı, Onur Gezer, Sefa Kale, Hasan Köten
In the work conducted, the engine model which was first developed with the help of AVL Boost software was validated by the experimental data and engine maps were created. Then instantaneous and 100 km cumulative fuel consumption, CO, HC, and NOx emission values were obtained in different driving cycles (ECE, NEDC, and WLTC) using the hybrid and conventional vehicle models developed with the help of Matlab Simulink software. The main results are summarized below: Instantaneous and cumulative fuel consumption values of 100 km in the results obtained with the hybrid vehicle have been shown to decrease in all driving cycles (ECE, NEDC and WLTC).It has been determined that the results obtained with the hybrid vehicle cause significant reductions in CO and HC emissions during the NEDC and WLTC cycles. The decrease in CO and HC emissions and the decrease in fuel consumption have resulted in increased combustion temperatures and an increase in NOx emissions due to the increase in peak temperatures in the cylinder and thus the use of hybrid systems in all driving cycles resulted in increased NOx emissions.The use of the series hybrid system in the lightweight vehicles has resulted in an advantage in terms of fuel consumption and emissions (except NOx).