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Suspension System
Published in G. K. Awari, V. S. Kumbhar, R. B. Tirpude, Automotive Systems, 2021
G. K. Awari, V. S. Kumbhar, R. B. Tirpude
While on the road, the vehicle has to face different types of road surfaces, due to which it is subjected to dynamic loads, cornering force, etc. If the chassis is connected directly to the transmission components, then these dynamic loads are directly transferred to the occupants. The entire structure of the vehicle may be subject to excessive fatigue, and it may breakdown. Therefore, it is essential to isolate the entire vehicle from such forces, loads and shocks due to road irregularities. It is also essential to maintain vehicle stability, control and proper road holding during all operating conditions such as braking acceleration, cornering, etc., which depends on tyre–road friction. The factors responsible for this type friction are type of road, weight of the vehicle and the coefficient of friction. If the dynamic load acting on the vehicle exceeds the tyre–road friction then the tyre may slip or skid and be subjected to scrub. To avoid and minimise the effects of this dynamic effect the suspension system is incorporated in the vehicle. If the suspension elements are designed to withstand large deflections then it absorbs these bumps and allows the body to run smooth. A suspension with limited deflection bounces the vehicle body.
Mountain Bike Technology
Published in Franz Konstantin Fuss, Aleksandar Subic, Martin Strangwood, Rabindra Mehta, Routledge Handbook of Sports Technology and Engineering, 2013
Road-holding response is critical for safety and adequate handling capability. Too much wheel hop (cyclic loss of tyre contact) over bumps while braking or turning results in insufficient traction and loss of control. Both a small unsprung mass (mass that is below the main system suspension) and well-tuned damping affords improved tyre ground contact, which improves control during braking and manoeuvring. Relatively low damping increases system motion near the natural frequencies but attenuates response otherwise; increased damping does the opposite, as it decreases response near natural frequencies. Optimum damper settings allow the wheel to follow the ground better over a reasonable range of frequencies (trail undulations, bumps and obstacles).
Step-control and vibration characteristics of a hybrid vehicle suspension system considering energy consumption
Published in Vehicle System Dynamics, 2022
Cenbo Xiong, Liangyao Yu, Lanie Abi, Zhenghong Lu
The suspension stiffness and damping forces are the main factors that affect the riding comfort, road holding, and vehicle safety. Many kinds of MRFD structures were fabricated containing related components such as working piston, accumulator, and kinds of valves. The MRFD external performances were investigated through stiffness or damping force control based on these material and damper models [5,6]. They made satisfactory descriptions in engineering structures, automobiles, and rail vehicles [7,8]. When modelling the entire damper, its nonlinearity characteristics may induce considerable influences on the external dynamic performances [4,8]. The current effects are hard to predict since the inherent relationships between the applied current and the external forces are usually unknown. Even though they can be experimentally or practically obtained in some MRFD models [9,10], the current quantity is still not included in the equations. In real suspension control loops, the force and velocity feedback are necessary to figure out the control current. It decreases the control efficiency; thereby a damper model that directly includes the current and damping force needs to be developed.