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Suspension systems
Published in M.J. Nunney, Light and Heavy Vehicle Technology, 2007
This form of springing was pioneered by the French Citroën Company in the early 1950s and is universally known as hydropneumatic suspension (Figure 23.42). It has long been acclaimed for the high level of comfort it provides.
Multi-objective optimization design of hydropneumatic suspension with gas–oil emulsion for ride comfort and handling stability of an articulated dumper truck
Published in Engineering Optimization, 2023
Lin Yang, Ruochen Wang, Zeyu Sun, Xiangpeng Meng, Zhihao Zhu
Suspension plays an important part in attenuating vehicle vibrations, affecting the demands of ride comfort and handling stability on various roads (Pazooki, Rakheja, and Cao 2012). Hydropneumatic suspension (HPS) integrates the elastic element and the damping element. It uses oil as the force-transmitting medium and gas as the elastic medium, giving it good nonlinear stiffness (Francois and Schalk Els 2015) and damping characteristics (Łuczko and Ferdek 2019). Therefore, HPS has been widely applied in engineering vehicles (Zhao et al. 2018), articulated dumper trucks (ADTs) (Ren et al. 2016), heavy vehicles (Kwon et al. 2020) and articulated frame-steered vehicles (Yin, Rakheja, and Boileau 2019). Optimized HPS can greatly improve the ride comfort and handling stability of the whole vehicle, thus improving the comfort of the driver and the safe driving ability of the vehicle. Thus, the damage degree of vehicle parts can be reduced and the service life of the vehicle can be improved. Common optimization algorithms for suspension design include the genetic algorithm (Sun, Cai, and Yang 2007), design of experiments (DOE) (Tey et al. 2014; Zhu, Yang, and Zhang 2018), nonlinear programming quadratic line (NLPQL) algorithm (Fan 2001) and artificial fish swarm algorithm (Xu et al. 2019). Compared with the other methods, the NLPQL algorithm (Fan 2003) has higher computation efficiency and stronger boundary searchability, which is used to improve the optimization accuracy of the system, so as to effectively improve the engineering application efficiency of suspension. To the authors’ knowledge, this kind of research has never been conducted in the optimization of a suspension system with several design parameters.