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Teleoperation and Telerobotics
Published in Osita D. I. Nwokah, Yildirim Hurmuzlu, The Mechanical Systems Design Handbook, 2017
The control handles are hand grips through which the operator’s hand is physically connected to the complete hand controller device. Fourteen basic handle concepts (Figure 25.1) have been considered and evaluated by Brooks and Bejczy1: Nuclear industry standard handle — a squeeze-grasp gripper control device that exactly simulates the slave end effector squeeze-type grasp motion.Hydraulic accordion handle — a finger-heel grasp device using a linear motion trigger driven by hydraulic pressure.Full-length trigger — a finger-heel type, linear motion gripper control device driven by a mechanism.Finger trigger — a linear or pivoted gripper control device that only requires one or two fingers for grasp actuation.Grip ball — a ball-shaped handle with a vane-like protuberance that prevents slippage of the ball when sandwiched between two fingers.Bike brake — a finger-heel-type grasp control device in which the trigger mechanism is pivoted at the base of the handle.Pocket knife — similar to the bike brake, but the trigger mechanism is pivoted at the top of the handle.Pressure knob — a uni-body ball-shaped handle consisting of a rigid main body and a semirigid rubber balloon gripper control driven by hydraulic pressure.T-bar — a one-piece T-shaped handle with a thumb button for gripper control.Contoured bar — a one-piece contoured T-type handle with gripper control surface located on the underside.Glove — a mechanical device that encases the operator’s hand.Brass knuckles — a two-piece T-type handle, the operator’s fingers slip into recesses or holes in the gripper control.Door handle — a C-shaped handle with a thumb button gripper control.Aircraft gun trigger — a vertical implementation handle using a lateral grasp for trigger control combined with wrap-around grasp for firm spatial control.
Research on improvements of low Reynolds number turbulence model based on flow around automobiles
Published in Numerical Heat Transfer, Part A: Applications, 2020
Yi Yang, Guanglin Qiang, Zhen Chen, Zhengqi Gu, Yong Zhang
The HD-2 wind tunnel test section of Hunan University is 17 m long, with a cross-sectional area of 3 × 2.5 m, the maximum wind speed of 58 m/s, the maximum propeller power of 617 kW, and the average turbulence intensity of 0.13%. In order to ensure the accuracy of the test, a 1/3 scale model is adopted. The automobile model is relatively complex, omitting the details of front grille, wheel hub, door handle, light set, exhaust pipe, B-pillar and underbody parts, and retaining other features. The length, width, and height of the model are 1588, 643, and 505 mm, respectively, the test wind speed is 30 m/s, and the Reynolds number is 3.26 × 106, which is consistent with the simulation parameters. A total of 82 monitoring points are set on the model surface, and the pressure values are measured by PSI-DTCnet pressure scanning valve. The model and PIV test system for flow field measurement are shown in Figure 8.
Characteristics of rear-end crashes involving passenger vehicles with automatic emergency braking
Published in Traffic Injury Prevention, 2019
Jessica B. Cicchino, David S. Zuby
Regression models using the larger same-class control group included the same AEB vehicles as the analyses using the same-model control group. In addition to the demographic variables described earlier, these regression models controlled for vehicle class (2-door car, 4-door car, luxury car, SUV, luxury SUV) and model year.